JavaFX applications are graphical user interface (GUI) applications that are built using the JavaFX framework. JavaFX provides a set of graphics and media packages that allow developers to create modern and responsive user interfaces with rich multimedia and animation capabilities.

JavaFX applications can be built using a variety of tools and technologies, including JavaFX Scene Builder, JavaFX FXML, and JavaFX CSS. JavaFX Scene Builder is a visual layout tool that allows developers to drag and drop UI controls onto a canvas to build the UI, while JavaFX FXML is a declarative markup language that allows developers to define the UI and its behavior in an XML format. JavaFX CSS allows developers to style the UI using cascading style sheets, similar to how web pages are styled.

JavaFX applications can be run on a variety of platforms, including desktop, mobile, and web. JavaFX applications can be packaged into a JAR file or a native executable using tools such as Maven, Gradle, or Ant, and can be deployed to the web or desktop using technologies such as Java Web Start or JavaFX Packager.

JavaFX provides a rich set of UI controls such as buttons, labels, text fields, and more, as well as a powerful layout system that allows developers to create responsive and adaptive user interfaces that can adapt to different screen sizes and resolutions. JavaFX also provides support for multimedia and animation, such as playing audio and video files, creating animations, and using 3D graphics.

Overall, JavaFX provides a powerful and flexible platform for building modern and responsive user interfaces in Java, and it is widely used in enterprise, desktop, and mobile application development.