当我们通过从源代码包编译来安装nginx时，它给了我们一个主要的好处，那就是在安装之后可以添加额外的模块。

以root/超级用户身份登录

sudo su

创建Nginx系统用户

sudo useradd -s /sbin/nologin nginx

安装依赖包

安装所有依赖项。列出这些所有的包是因为我们将添加相关模块。

sudo apt update
sudo apt install gcc libpcre3-dev zlib1g-dev libssl-dev libxml2-dev libxslt1-dev  libgd-dev google-perftools libgoogle-perftools-dev libperl-dev

下载并安装nginx1.14

在本节中，我们将阅读如何安装和编译nginx1.14.

每一个新的nginx版本都会引入一些更改，因此它也可能会反映在编译期间将添加的模块列表上。

下载Nginx源代码包

curl -O http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.14.0.tar.gz

解压下载的Nginx源码包

sudo tar -xvzf nginx-1.14.0.tar.gz

从Nginx源文件编译/安装

cd nginx-1.14.0

开始编译。

sudo ./configure --user=nginx --group=nginx --sbin-path=/usr/sbin/nginx --conf-path=/etc/nginx/nginx.conf --with-select_module --with-poll_module --with-threads --with-file-aio --with-http_ssl_module --with-http_v2_module --with-http_realip_module --with-http_addition_module --with-http_xslt_module --with-http_xslt_module=dynamic --with-http_image_filter_module --with-http_image_filter_module=dynamic --with-http_geoip_module --with-http_geoip_module=dynamic --with-http_sub_module --with-http_dav_module --with-http_flv_module --with-http_mp4_module --with-http_gunzip_module --with-http_gzip_static_module --with-http_auth_request_module --with-http_random_index_module --with-http_secure_link_module --with-http_degradation_module --with-http_slice_module --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_perl_module --with-http_perl_module=dynamic --with-mail --with-mail=dynamic --with-mail_ssl_module --with-stream --with-stream=dynamic --with-stream_ssl_module --with-stream_realip_module --with-stream_geoip_module --with-stream_geoip_module=dynamic --with-stream_ssl_preread_module --with-google_perftools_module --with-cpp_test_module --with-compat --with-pcre --with-pcre-jit  --with-zlib-asm=CPU --with-libatomic --with-debug --with-ld-opt="-Wl,-E"

执行make并安装。

sudo make && sudo make install

为nginx创建systemd服务脚本文件

要启动、停止、重新启动和检查nginx服务的状态，可以创建systemd服务脚本。

创建一个文件

sudo vi /lib/systemd/system/nginx.service

添加如下内容：

[Unit]
Description=The Nginx 1.14 service
After=syslog.target network.target remote-fs.target nss-lookup.target

[Service]
Type=forking
PIDFile=/usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid
ExecStartPre=/usr/sbin/nginx -t
ExecStart=/usr/sbin/nginx
ExecReload=/usr/sbin/nginx -s reload
ExecStop=/bin/kill -s QUIT $MAINPID
PrivateTmp=true

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

创建nginx服务文件后，应该重新加载systemd管理器配置。

sudo systemctl daemon-reload

Ubuntu中启动nginx服务

sudo systemctl start nginx.service

Ubuntu中停止nginx服务

sudo systemctl stop nginx.service

Ubuntu中重启nginx服务

sudo systemctl restart nginx.service

Ubuntu中查看nginx服务状态

sudo systemctl status nginx.service

Ubuntu中使nginx服务能够在引导时运行

sudo systemctl enable nginx.service

设置nginx服务在引导时不运行

sudo systemctl disable nginx.service

检查并确认Nginx 默认端口和网页

检查默认监听端口(端口号80或者http)

运行下面的命令来检查nginx默认监听端口。

root@theitroad:~# ss -tanlp|grep 80
LISTEN   0         128                 0.0.0.0:80               0.0.0.0:*        users:(("nginx",pid=1511,fd=6),("nginx",pid=1507,fd=6))                        
root@theitroad:~#

检查默认Nginx网页

在浏览器打开
http://服务器ip

为什么在编译nginx源代码之前安装依赖包

我们之所以安装了特定的依赖软件包是有原因的。所以我们在nginx编译过程中共享依赖包名及其相关错误的信息。
如果某个包没有安装，编译过程中就会报错，具体如下所示：

## Package to install: gcc
./configure: error: C compiler cc is not found

## Package to install: lipcre3-dev
./configure: error: the HTTP rewrite module requires the PCRE library.
You can either disable the module by using --without-http_rewrite_module
option, or install the PCRE library into the system, or build the PCRE library
statically from the source with nginx by using --with-pcre=<path> option.

## Package to install: zlib1g-dev
./configure: error: the HTTP gzip module requires the zlib library.
You can either disable the module by using --without-http_gzip_module
option, or install the zlib library into the system, or build the zlib library
statically from the source with nginx by using --with-zlib=<path> option.

## Package to install: libxml2-dev, libxslt1-dev
./configure: error: the HTTP XSLT module requires the libxml2/libxslt
libraries. You can either do not enable the module or install the libraries

## Package to install: libgd-dev 
./configure: error: the HTTP image filter module requires the GD library.
You can either do not enable the module or install the libraries.

## Package to install: libgeoip1 libgeoip-dev
./configure: error: the GeoIP module requires the GeoIP library.
You can either do not enable the module or install the library.

## Package to install: google-perftools, libgoogle-perftools-dev
./configure: error: the Google perftools module requires the Google perftools
library. You can either do not enable the module or install the library.

## Package to install: libatomic-ops-dev 
./configure: error: libatomic_ops library was not found.

## Package to install: libperl-dev
/usr/bin/x86_64-linux-gnu-ld: cannot find -lperl
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
objs/Makefile:1607: recipe for target 'objs/ngx_http_perl_module.so' failed
make[1]: *** [objs/ngx_http_perl_module.so] Error 1
make[1]: Leaving directory '/root/nginx-1.14.0'
Makefile:8: recipe for target 'build' failed
make: *** [build] Error 2