在CentOS 8/RHEL 8 Linux上安装MySQL 5.7
时间：2020-02-23 14:31:13 来源:igfitidea点击:
我们是否正在寻找指南来在CentOS 8/RHEL 8 Linux服务器/工作站上安装MySQL 5.7？ CentOS/RHEL 8 AppStream存储库仅包含MySQL 8.0软件包。并非所有的应用程序都支持MySQL 8，例如截至本文撰写之时的Jira需要MySQL 5.7及以下版本。然后如何在CentOS 8/RHEL 8上安装MySQL 5.7？
MySQL是一种非常流行的开源关系数据库管理系统。它是由Oracle Corporation Company在Oracle Database之后开发的。凭借其可靠的可靠性，性能和易用性，MySQL已成为基于Web的应用程序的首选数据库选择。
请按照以下步骤在CentOS 8/RHEL 8系统上运行MySQL 5.7服务器。
添加MySQL存储库
禁用MySQL默认的AppStream存储库：
sudo dnf remove @mysql sudo dnf module reset mysql && sudo dnf module disable mysql
EL 8没有MySQL存储库，因此请改用EL 7存储库。创建一个新的存储库文件。
sudo vi /etc/yum.repos.d/mysql-community.repo
将以下数据粘贴到文件中。
[mysql57-community] name=MySQL 5.7 Community Server baseurl=http://repo.mysql.com/yum/mysql-5.7-community/el/7/$basearch/ enabled=1 gpgcheck=0 [mysql-connectors-community] name=MySQL Connectors Community baseurl=http://repo.mysql.com/yum/mysql-connectors-community/el/7/$basearch/ enabled=1 gpgcheck=0 [mysql-tools-community] name=MySQL Tools Community baseurl=http://repo.mysql.com/yum/mysql-tools-community/el/7/$basearch/ enabled=1 gpgcheck=0
在CentOS 8/RHEL 8上安装MySQL 5.7
添加存储库后，现在在CentOS 8/RHEL 8上安装MySQL 5.7.
禁用MySQL 8存储库：
sudo dnf config-manager --disable mysql80-community
然后为MySQL 5.7启用通道。
sudo dnf config-manager --enable mysql57-community
然后在CentOS 8/RHEL 8上安装MySQL 5.7：
sudo dnf install mysql-community-server
按y开始安装。
Last metadata expiration check: 0:02:41 ago on Mon 06 Jan 2017 08:54:52 PM EAT. Dependencies resolved. ======================================================================================================================================================== Package Arch Version Repository Size ======================================================================================================================================================== Installing: mysql-community-server x86_64 5.7.28-1.el7 mysql57-community 199 M Installing dependencies: ncurses-compat-libs x86_64 6.1-7.20160224.el8 BaseOS 331 k mysql-community-client x86_64 5.7.28-1.el7 mysql57-community 43 M mysql-community-common x86_64 5.7.28-1.el7 mysql57-community 311 k mysql-community-libs x86_64 5.7.28-1.el7 mysql57-community 4.2 M Transaction Summary ======================================================================================================================================================== Install 5 Packages Total download size: 247 M Installed size: 1.0 G Is this ok [y/N]: y
检查软件包的转速详细信息，以确认它是5.7.
$rpm -qi mysql-community-server Name : mysql-community-server Version : 5.7.28 Release : 1.el7 Architecture: x86_64 Install Date: Mon 06 Jan 2017 08:58:52 PM EAT Group : Applications/Databases Size : 910635041 License : Copyright (c) 2000, 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Under GPLv2 license as shown in the Description field. Signature : DSA/SHA1, Mon 30 Sep 2019 11:05:08 AM EAT, Key ID 8c718d3b5072e1f5 Source RPM : mysql-community-5.7.28-1.el7.src.rpm Build Date : Fri 27 Sep 2019 11:11:06 AM EAT Build Host : loki02.no.oracle.com Relocations : (not relocatable) Packager : MySQL Release Engineering <theitroad@localhost> Vendor : Oracle and/or its affiliates URL : http://www.mysql.com/ Summary : A very fast and reliable SQL database server
在CentOS 8/RHEL 8上配置MySQL 5.7
2.1安装后，启动mysqld服务。
sudo systemctl enable --now mysqld.service
2.2复制生成的root用户随机密码
sudo grep 'A temporary password' /var/log/mysqld.log |tail -1
记下打印的密码：
2017-01-06T18:06:19.947403Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for theitroad@localhost: AS*5Rx%YY5+c
2.3启动MySQL安全安装以更改
root密码，禁止远程root登录，删除匿名用户和
删除测试数据库。
$sudo mysql_secure_installation Securing the MySQL server deployment. Enter password for user root:
使用我们生成的临时密码进行身份验证。这将要求我们为root用户设置新密码。
Change the password for root ? ((Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : Yes New password: Re-enter new password: Estimated strength of the password: 100 Do you wish to continue with the password provided?: Yes Remove anonymous users?: Yes Success. Disallow root login remotely? : Yes Success. Remove test database and access to it? : Yes - Dropping test database... Success. - Removing privileges on test database... Success. Reload privilege tables now? (Press y|Y for Yes) : Yes Success. All done!
我们可以使用在线密码生成器来获取复杂的密码。
2.4以root用户身份连接到MySQL数据库并创建测试数据库。
$mysql -u root -p Enter password: <Enter Root Password> Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 15 Server version: 5.7.28 MySQL Community Server (GPL) Copyright (c) 2000, 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names Jan be trademarks of their respective owners. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. mysql> SELECT VERSION(); +-----------+ | VERSION() | +-----------+ | 5.7.28 | +-----------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) mysql> QUIT Bye
2.5创建测试数据库和用户：
mysql> CREATE DATABASE test_db; Query OK, 1 row affected (0.09 sec) mysql> CREATE USER 'test_user'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY "Strong34S;#"; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.04 sec) mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON test_db.* TO 'test_user'@'localhost'; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec) mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)
可以通过运行以下命令删除该测试数据库和用户：
mysql> DROP DATABASE test_db; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.14 sec) mysql> DROP USER 'test_user'@'localhost'; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.11 sec) mysql> show databases; +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | mysql | | performance_schema | | sys | +--------------------+ 4 rows in set (0.01 sec) mysql> QUIT Bye
配置防火墙(仅用于远程连接)
要允许远程连接，请在防火墙上允许端口3306
sudo firewall-cmd --add-service=mysql --permanent sudo firewall-cmd --reload
我们还可以限制来自受信任网络的访问：
sudo firewall-cmd --permanent --add-rich-rule 'rule family="ipv4" \ service name="mysql" source address="10.10.10.0/24" accept'
