在Ubuntu 18.04和CentOS 7上安装MariaDB 10.4
时间：2020-02-23 14:31:12 来源:igfitidea点击:
本指南可使CentOS 7上运行的getMariaDB 10.4 /在Ubuntu 18.04服务器上安装MariaDB 10.4？在撰写本文时，MariaDB的最新稳定版本是10.4. CentOS 7上安装的MariaDB的默认版本是5.5，而Ubuntu 18.04的MariaDB 10.1. 这些版本在OS上游存储库中可用。
在安装MariaDB 10.4之前，我们可能需要卸载当前版本的MariaDB服务器。如果升级，则可以忽略它。在Ubuntu上，运行：
sudo apt-get remove mariadb-server
对于CentOS 7，运行：
sudo yum remove mariadb-server
在Ubuntu 18.04上安装MariaDB 10.4
要在Ubuntu 18.04上安装MariaDB 10.4，需要将MariaDB存储库添加到系统上。
如果缺少，请安装software-properties-common：
sudo apt-get install software-properties-common
导入MariaDB gpg密钥：
运行以下命令以将存储库密钥添加到系统
sudo apt-key adv --recv-keys --keyserver hkp://keyserver.ubuntu.com:80 0xF1656F24C74CD1D8
添加apt存储库
导入PGP密钥后，继续将存储库URL添加到Ubuntu 18.04服务器：
sudo add-apt-repository "deb [arch=amd64,arm64,ppc64el] http://mariadb.mirror.liquidtelecom.com/repo/10.4/ubuntu $(lsb_release -cs) main"
安装MariaDB
最后一步是安装MariaDB Server：
sudo apt update sudo apt -y install mariadb-server mariadb-client
系统将提示我们提供MariaDB根密码。输入密码进行设置。
确认密码：
按<确定>确认新密码并安装MariaDB，确保记下提供的密码。
如果未提示我们设置root密码，请运行：
$sudo mysql_secure_installation
NOTE: RUNNING ALL PARTS OF THIS SCRIPT IS RECOMMENDED FOR ALL MariaDB
SERVERS IN PRODUCTION USE! PLEASE READ EACH STEP CAREFULLY!
In order to log into MariaDB to secure it, we'll need the current
password for the root user. If you've just installed MariaDB, and
you haven't set the root password yet, the password will be blank,
so you should just press enter here.
Enter current password for root (enter for none):
OK, successfully used password, moving on...
Setting the root password ensures that nobody can log into the MariaDB
root user without the proper authorisation.
Set root password? [Y/n] y
New password:
Re-enter new password:
Password updated successfully!
Reloading privilege tables..
... Success!
By default, a MariaDB installation has an anonymous user, allowing anyone
to log into MariaDB without having to have a user account created for
them. This is intended only for testing, and to make the installation
go a bit smoother. You should remove them before moving into a
production environment.
Remove anonymous users? [Y/n] y
... Success!
Normally, root should only be allowed to connect from 'localhost'. This
ensures that someone cannot guess at the root password from the network.
Disallow root login remotely? [Y/n] y
... Success!
By default, MariaDB comes with a database named 'test' that anyone can
access. This is also intended only for testing, and should be removed
before moving into a production environment.
Remove test database and access to it? [Y/n] y
- Dropping test database...
... Success!
- Removing privileges on test database...
... Success!
Reloading the privilege tables will ensure that all changes made so far
will take effect immediately.
Reload privilege tables now? [Y/n] y
... Success!
Cleaning up...
All done! If you've completed all of the above steps, your MariaDB
installation should now be secure.
Thanks for using MariaDB!
确认MariaDB版本：
$mysql -u root -p Enter password: Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MariaDB connection id is 49 Server version: 10.4.6-MariaDB-1:10.4.6+maria~bionic-log mariadb.org binary distribution Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. MariaDB [(none)]>
使用以下命令检查版本：
MariaDB [(none)]> SELECT VERSION(); +------------------------------------------+ | version() | +------------------------------------------+ | 10.4.6-MariaDB-1:10.4.6+maria~bionic-log | +------------------------------------------+ 1 row in set (0.000 sec)
学习课程：
安装桌面数据库管理工具
如果我们不喜欢使用MySQL命令行，请考虑安装数据库工具来为我们提供帮助。请查看下面的指南：
在Ubuntu 18.04/Ubuntu 16.04/Debian 9上安装和配置DBeaver
在Fedora 30/29和CentOS 7/8上安装和配置DBeaver
对于phpMyAdmin，请使用以下指南：
如何在Ubuntu/Debian，CentOS，Fedora上安装最新的phpMyAdmin
在CentOS 7上安装MariaDB 10.4
AddMariaDB YUM存储库到CentOS 7服务器：
cat <<EOF | sudo tee /etc/yum.repos.d/MariaDB.repo [mariadb] name = MariaDB baseurl = http://yum.mariadb.org/10.4/centos7-amd64 gpgkey=https://yum.mariadb.org/RPM-GPG-KEY-MariaDB gpgcheck=1 EOF
要安装其他版本的MariaDB(如10.3或者10.2)，请在基本URL上将10.4替换为其他版本。
清理yum缓存索引：
sudo yum makecache fast
在CentOS 7上安装MariaDB 10.4：
sudo yum -y install MariaDB-server MariaDB-client
可以从以下位置查看有关已安装软件包的更多详细信息：
$rpm -qi MariaDB-server Name : MariaDB-server Version : 10.4.6 Release : 1.el7.centos Architecture: x86_64 Install Date: Sun 07 May 2019 10:31:57 AM CESTf Group : Applications/Databases Size : 130648787 License : GPLv2 Signature : DSA/SHA1, Tue 18 Jun 2019 08:13:58 PM CEST, Key ID cbcb082a1bb943db Source RPM : MariaDB-server-10.4.6-1.el7.centos.src.rpm Build Date : Tue 18 Jun 2019 01:57:58 AM CEST Build Host : centos73-amd64 Relocations : (not relocatable) Vendor : MariaDB Foundation URL : http://mariadb.org Summary : MariaDB: a very fast and robust SQL database server Description : It is GPL v2 licensed, which means you can use the it free of charge under the conditions of the GNU General Public License Version 2 (http://www.gnu.org/licenses/). MariaDB documentation can be found at https://mariadb.com/kb MariaDB bug reports should be submitted through https://jira.mariadb
启动并启用MariaDB服务：
sudo systemctl enable --now mariadb
通过运行mysql_secure_installation保护MariaDB。
$sudo mysql_secure_installation
NOTE: RUNNING ALL PARTS OF THIS SCRIPT IS RECOMMENDED FOR ALL MariaDB
SERVERS IN PRODUCTION USE! PLEASE READ EACH STEP CAREFULLY!
In order to log into MariaDB to secure it, we'll need the current
password for the root user. If you've just installed MariaDB, and
you haven't set the root password yet, the password will be blank,
so you should just press enter here.
Enter current password for root (enter for none):
OK, successfully used password, moving on...
Setting the root password ensures that nobody can log into the MariaDB
root user without the proper authorisation.
Set root password? [Y/n] y
New password:
Re-enter new password:
Password updated successfully!
Reloading privilege tables..
... Success!
By default, a MariaDB installation has an anonymous user, allowing anyone
to log into MariaDB without having to have a user account created for
them. This is intended only for testing, and to make the installation
go a bit smoother. You should remove them before moving into a
production environment.
Remove anonymous users? [Y/n] y
... Success!
Normally, root should only be allowed to connect from 'localhost'. This
ensures that someone cannot guess at the root password from the network.
Disallow root login remotely? [Y/n] y
... Success!
By default, MariaDB comes with a database named 'test' that anyone can
access. This is also intended only for testing, and should be removed
before moving into a production environment.
Remove test database and access to it? [Y/n] y
- Dropping test database...
... Success!
- Removing privileges on test database...
... Success!
Reloading the privilege tables will ensure that all changes made so far
will take effect immediately.
Reload privilege tables now? [Y/n] y
... Success!
Cleaning up...
All done! If you've completed all of the above steps, your MariaDB
installation should now be secure.
Thanks for using MariaDB!
登录并检查MariaDB版本：
# mysql -u root -p Enter password: Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MariaDB connection id is 16 Server version: 10.4.6-MariaDB MariaDB Server Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. MariaDB [(none)]> select version(); +----------------+ | version() | +----------------+ | 10.4.6-MariaDB | +----------------+ 1 row in set (0.000 sec)
我们还可以使用以下方法检查版本：
# mysql -V mysql Ver 15.1 Distrib 10.4.6-MariaDB, for Linux (x86_64) using readline 5.1
