JUnit5教程
时间:2020-02-23 14:35:25 来源:igfitidea点击:
在本Junit教程中,我们将通过示例介绍JUnit5的基础知识及其新功能。
在Java世界中,JUnit是用于对Java代码实施单元测试的流行框架之一。
JUnit主要帮助开发人员自己在JVM上测试其代码。
JUnit5架构
JUnit平台
- 在JVM上启动测试框架
- 使用TestEngine API来构建在JUnit平台上运行的测试框架
JUnit木星
- 混合了用于编写测试的新编程模型和用于扩展的扩展模型
- 添加了新的注释,例如@ BeforeEach,@ AfterEach,@ AfterAll,@ BeforeAll等。
JUnit复古
- 提供支持以在此新平台上执行以前的JUnit版本3和4测试
JUnit Maven依赖关系
要在项目中实现基于JUnit5的测试用例,请将以下依赖项添加到项目的pom.xml文件中:
- JUnit 5库
<dependency> <groupId>org.junit.jupiter</groupId> <artifactId>junit-jupiter-engine</artifactId> <version>5.1.1</version> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.junit.platform</groupId> <artifactId>junit-platform-runner</artifactId> <version> 1.1.1</version> <scope>test</scope> </dependency>
- JUnit5 maven surefire提供程序在IDE不支持JUnit5的情况下执行单元测试(如果IDE支持,则不需要这一点)
<plugin>
<artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.19.1</version>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.junit.platform</groupId>
<artifactId>junit-platform-surefire-provider</artifactId>
<version>1.0.2</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</plugin>
JUnit5的新功能
运行时需要Java 8或者更高版本。
但是仍然可以测试使用以前的Java版本编译的代码。
其中引入了各种新功能。
JUnit注释
下面列出了其中提供的一些常用注释:
| @Test | Denotes a test method |
| @DisplayName | Declares a custom display name for the test class or test method |
| @BeforeEach | Denotes that the annotated method should be executed before each test method |
| @AfterEach | Denotes that the annotated method should be executed after each test method |
| @BeforeAll | Denotes that the annotated method should be executed before all test methods |
| @AfterAll | Denotes that the annotated method should be executed after all test methods |
| @Disable | Used to disable a test class or test method |
| @Nested | Denotes that the annotated class is a nested, non-static test class |
| @Tag | Declare tags for filtering tests |
| @ExtendWith | Register custom extensions |
package com.theitroad;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.AfterAll;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.AfterEach;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeAll;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeEach;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Disabled;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.DisplayName;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
public class JUnit5Sample1Test {
@BeforeAll
static void beforeAll() {
System.out.println("**--- Executed once before all test methods in this class ---**");
}
@BeforeEach
void beforeEach() {
System.out.println("**--- Executed before each test method in this class ---**");
}
@Test
void testMethod1() {
System.out.println("**--- Test method1 executed ---**");
}
@DisplayName("Test method2 with condition")
@Test
void testMethod2() {
System.out.println("**--- Test method2 executed ---**");
}
@Test
@Disabled("implementation pending")
void testMethod3() {
System.out.println("**--- Test method3 executed ---**");
}
@AfterEach
void afterEach() {
System.out.println("**--- Executed after each test method in this class ---**");
}
@AfterAll
static void afterAll() {
System.out.println("**--- Executed once after all test methods in this class ---**");
}
}
我们可以在Eclipse-> Run As-> JUnit Test中的JUnit测试类之上运行。
JUnit断言
必须使用断言将每个测试方法的条件评估为true,以便测试可以继续执行。
JUnit Jupiter断言保存在org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions类中。
所有方法都是静态的。
| assertEquals(expected, actual) | Fails when expected does not equal actual |
| assertFalse(expression) | Fails when expression is not false |
| assertNull(actual) | Fails when actual is not null |
| assertNotNull(actual) | Fails when actual is null |
| assertAll() | Group many assertions and every assertion is executed even if one or more of them fails |
| assertTrue(expression) | Fails if expression is not true |
| assertThrows() | Class to be tested is expected to throw an exception |
@Test
void testAssertEqual() {
assertEquals("ABC", "ABC");
assertEquals(20, 20, "optional assertion message");
assertEquals(2 + 2, 4);
}
@Test
void testAssertFalse() {
assertFalse("FirstName".length() == 10);
assertFalse(10 > 20, "assertion message");
}
@Test
void testAssertNull() {
String str1 = null;
String str2 = "abc";
assertNull(str1);
assertNotNull(str2);
}
@Test
void testAssertAll() {
String str1 = "abc";
String str2 = "pqr";
String str3 = "xyz";
assertAll("numbers",
() -> assertEquals(str1,"abc"),
() -> assertEquals(str2,"pqr"),
() -> assertEquals(str3,"xyz")
);
//uncomment below code and understand each assert execution
/*assertAll("numbers",
() -> assertEquals(str1,"abc"),
() -> assertEquals(str2,"pqr1"),
() -> assertEquals(str3,"xyz1")
);*/
}
@Test
void testAssertTrue() {
assertTrue("FirstName".startsWith("F"));
assertTrue(10 {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Illegal Argument Exception occured");
});
assertEquals("Illegal Argument Exception occured", exception.getMessage());
}
JUnit5导入
它的测试类需要" org.junit.jupiter.api.Test"导入语句,而不是" org.junit.Test"。
同样,测试方法不必是公共和本地程序包。
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
JUnit5假设
假设是org.junit.jupiter.api.Assumptions类中的静态方法。
他们仅在满足指定条件时执行测试,否则测试将中止。
中止的测试不会导致构建失败。
如果假设失败,则抛出org.opentest4j.TestAbortedException,并且跳过测试。
| assumeTrue | Execute the body of lamda when the positive condition hold else test will be skipped |
| assumeFalse | Execute the body of lamda when the negative condition hold else test will be skipped |
| assumingThat | Portion of the test method will execute if an assumption holds true and everything after the lambda will execute irrespective of the assumption in assumingThat() holds |
@Test
void testAssumeTrue() {
boolean b = 'A' == 'A';
assumeTrue(b);
assertEquals("Hello", "Hello");
}
@Test
@DisplayName("test executes only on Saturday")
public void testAssumeTrueSaturday() {
LocalDateTime dt = LocalDateTime.now();
assumeTrue(dt.getDayOfWeek().getValue() == 6);
System.out.println("further code will execute only if above assumption holds true");
}
@Test
void testAssumeFalse() {
boolean b = 'A' != 'A';
assumeFalse(b);
assertEquals("Hello", "Hello");
}
@Test
void testAssumeFalseEnvProp() {
System.setProperty("env", "prod");
assumeFalse("dev".equals(System.getProperty("env")));
System.out.println("further code will execute only if above assumption hold");
}
@Test
void testAssumingThat() {
System.setProperty("env", "test");
assumingThat("test".equals(System.getProperty("env")),
() -> {
assertEquals(10, 10);
System.out.println("perform below assertions only on the test env");
});
assertEquals(20, 20);
System.out.println("perform below assertions on all env");
}
JUnit嵌套测试类
嵌套测试允许创建嵌套类并执行其所有测试方法。
内部类必须是非静态的。
只需使用@Nested注释内部类,即可执行其中的所有测试方法。
@BeforeAll
static void beforeAll() {
System.out.println("**--- JUnit5Sample4Test :: beforeAll :: Executed once before all test methods ---**");
}
@BeforeEach
void beforeEach() {
System.out.println("**--- JUnit5Sample4Test :: beforeEach :: Executed before each test method ---**");
}
@AfterEach
void afterEach() {
System.out.println("**--- JUnit5Sample4Test :: afterEach :: Executed after each test method ---**");
}
@AfterAll
static void afterAll() {
System.out.println("**--- JUnit5Sample4Test :: afterAll :: Executed after all test method ---**");
}
@Nested
class InnerClass {
@BeforeEach
void beforeEach() {
System.out.println("**--- InnerClass :: beforeEach :: Executed before each test method ---**");
}
@AfterEach
void afterEach() {
System.out.println("**--- InnerClass :: afterEach :: Executed after each test method ---**");
}
@Test
void testMethod1() {
System.out.println("**--- InnerClass :: testMethod1 :: Executed test method1 ---**");
}
@Nested
class InnerMostClass {
@BeforeEach
void beforeEach() {
System.out.println("**--- InnerMostClass :: beforeEach :: Executed before each test method ---**");
}
@AfterEach
void afterEach() {
System.out.println("**--- InnerMostClass :: afterEach :: Executed after each test method ---**");
}
@Test
void testMethod2() {
System.out.println("**--- InnerMostClass :: testMethod2 :: Executed test method2 ---**");
}
}
}
JUnit测试异常
在某些情况下,期望方法在特定条件下引发异常。
如果给定的方法未引发指定的异常,则assertThrows将使测试失败。
Throwable exception = assertThrows(IllegalArgumentException.class, () -> {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Illegal Argument Exception occured");
});
assertEquals("Illegal Argument Exception occured", exception.getMessage());
JUnit测试执行
单元测试可以通过多种方式执行,其中两种方式如下:
- 使用Eclipse IDE Oxygen.3a(4.7.3a)发行并打开要执行的测试文件。
右键单击文件,然后选择选项Runs As,然后选择JUnit Test - 在Windows命令提示符下使用mvn test命令

