Linux 检查 IP 有效性
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Check for IP validity
提问by AlwaysALearner
How do I check the validity of an IP address in a shell script, that is within the range 0.0.0.0to 255.255.255.255?
如何检查shell脚本中的IP地址的有效性，这是该范围内0.0.0.0来255.255.255.255？
采纳答案by ghoti
If you're using bash, you can do a simple regex match for the pattern, without validating the quads:
如果您使用 bash，则可以对模式进行简单的正则表达式匹配，而无需验证四边形：
#!/usr/bin/env bash
ip=1.2.3.4
if [[ $ip =~ ^[0-9]+\.[0-9]+\.[0-9]+\.[0-9]+$ ]]; then
echo "success"
else
echo "fail"
fi
If you're stuck with a POSIX shell, then you can use exprto do basically the same thing, using BRE instead of ERE:
如果您坚持使用 POSIX shell，那么您可以使用exprBRE 而不是 ERE 来做基本相同的事情：
#!/bin/sh
ip=1.2.3.4
if expr "$ip" : '[0-9][0-9]*\.[0-9][0-9]*\.[0-9][0-9]*\.[0-9][0-9]*$' >/dev/null; then
echo "success"
else
echo "fail"
fi
Note that exprassumes that your regex is anchored to the left-hand-side of the string, so the initial ^is unnecessary.
请注意，expr假设您的正则表达式锚定在字符串的左侧，因此^不需要初始值。
If it's important to verify that each quad is less than 256, you'll obviously require more code:
如果验证每个四边形小于 256 很重要，您显然需要更多代码：
#!/bin/sh
ip=${1:-1.2.3.4}
if expr "$ip" : '[0-9][0-9]*\.[0-9][0-9]*\.[0-9][0-9]*\.[0-9][0-9]*$' >/dev/null; then
for i in 1 2 3 4; do
if [ $(echo "$ip" | cut -d. -f$i) -gt 255 ]; then
echo "fail ($ip)"
exit 1
fi
done
echo "success ($ip)"
exit 0
else
echo "fail ($ip)"
exit 1
fi
Or perhaps even with fewer pipes:
或者甚至可以使用更少的管道：
#!/bin/sh
ip=${1:-1.2.3.4}
if expr "$ip" : '[0-9][0-9]*\.[0-9][0-9]*\.[0-9][0-9]*\.[0-9][0-9]*$' >/dev/null; then
IFS=.
set $ip
for quad in 1 2 3 4; do
if eval [ $$quad -gt 255 ]; then
echo "fail ($ip)"
exit 1
fi
done
echo "success ($ip)"
exit 0
else
echo "fail ($ip)"
exit 1
fi
Or again, if your shell is bash, you could use a cumbersome regular expression for quad validation if you're not fond of arithmetic:
或者，如果您的 shell 是 bash，如果您不喜欢算术，则可以使用繁琐的正则表达式进行四元验证：
#!/usr/bin/env bash
ip=${1:-1.2.3.4}
re='^(0*(1?[0-9]{1,2}|2([0-4][0-9]|5[0-5]))\.){3}'
re+='0*(1?[0-9]{1,2}|2([??0-4][0-9]|5[0-5]))$'
if [[ $ip =~ $re ]]; then
echo "success"
else
echo "fail"
fi
This could also be expressed in BRE, but that's more typing than I have in my fingers.
这也可以用 BRE 来表达，但那比我用手指打字要多。
And lastly, if you like the idea of putting this functionality ... in a function:
最后，如果你喜欢把这个功能......放在一个函数中的想法：
#!/usr/bin/env bash
ip=${1:-1.2.3.4}
ipvalid() {
# Set up local variables
local ip=${1:-1.2.3.4}
local IFS=.; local -a a=($ip)
# Start with a regex format test
[[ $ip =~ ^[0-9]+(\.[0-9]+){3}$ ]] || return 1
# Test values of quads
local quad
for quad in {0..3}; do
[[ "${a[$quad]}" -gt 255 ]] && return 1
done
return 0
}
if ipvalid "$ip"; then
echo "success ($ip)"
exit 0
else
echo "fail ($ip)"
exit 1
fi
There are many ways you could do this. I've shown you just a few.
有很多方法可以做到这一点。我只给你看了几个。
回答by shannonman
The script Validating an IP Address in a Bash Scriptby Mitch Frazier does what you want to do:
Mitch Frazier编写的Validating an IP Address in a Bash Script 脚本执行您想要执行的操作：
function valid_ip() { local ip= local stat=1 if [[ $ip =~ ^[0-9]{1,3}\.[0-9]{1,3}\.[0-9]{1,3}\.[0-9]{1,3}$ ]]; then OIFS=$IFS IFS='.' ip=($ip) IFS=$OIFS [[ ${ip[0]} -le 255 && ${ip[1]} -le 255 \ && ${ip[2]} -le 255 && ${ip[3]} -le 255 ]] stat=$? fi return $stat }
function valid_ip() { local ip= local stat=1 if [[ $ip =~ ^[0-9]{1,3}\.[0-9]{1,3}\.[0-9]{1,3}\.[0-9]{1,3}$ ]]; then OIFS=$IFS IFS='.' ip=($ip) IFS=$OIFS [[ ${ip[0]} -le 255 && ${ip[1]} -le 255 \ && ${ip[2]} -le 255 && ${ip[3]} -le 255 ]] stat=$? fi return $stat }
回答by glenn Hymanman
Perl has a great module Regexp::Commonfor validating various things:
Perl 有一个很棒的模块Regexp::Common用于验证各种事情：
perl -MRegexp::Common=net -e 'exit(shift() !~ /^$RE{net}{IPv4}$/)' $ipaddr
You may need to sudo cpan install Regexp::Commonfirst
您可能需要sudo cpan install Regexp::Common先
I'd wrap it in a function:
我会把它包装在一个函数中：
valid_ip() {
perl -MRegexp::Common=net -e 'exit(shift() !~ /^$RE{net}{IPv4}$/)' ""
}
if valid_ip 123.234.345.456; then
echo OK
else
echo INVALID
fi
回答by William Pursell
The typical solutions for this all seem to use regular expressions, but it occurs to me that it might be a better approach to do something like:
对此的典型解决方案似乎都使用正则表达式，但在我看来，执行以下操作可能是更好的方法：
if echo "$ip" | { IFS=. read a b c d e;
test "$a" -ge 0 && test "$a" -le 255 &&
test "$b" -ge 0 && test "$b" -le 255 &&
test "$c" -ge 0 && test "$c" -le 255 &&
test "$d" -ge 0 && test "$d" -le 255 &&
test -z "$e"; }; then echo is valid; fi
回答by Nasimuddin Ansari
Use ipcalc
使用 ipcalc
$ ipcalc -cs 10.10.10.257 && echo vail_ip || echo invalid_ip
invalid_ip
回答by Jon
This single regex should validate only those addresses between 0.0.0.0 and 255.255.255.255:
这个单一的正则表达式应该只验证 0.0.0.0 和 255.255.255.255 之间的那些地址：
#!/bin/bash
ip="1.2.3.4"
if [[ "$ip" =~ ^(([1-9]?[0-9]|1[0-9][0-9]|2([0-4][0-9]|5[0-5]))\.){3}([1-9]?[0-9]|1[0-9][0-9]|2([0-4][0-9]|5[0-5]))$ ]]; then
echo "success"
else
echo "fail"
fi
回答by TJW
#!/bin/bash
read -p " ip: " req_ipadr
#
ip_full=$(echo $req_ipadr | sed -n 's/^\(\(\([1-9][0-9]\?\|[1][0-9]\{0,2\}\|[2][0-4][0-9]\|[2][5][0-4]\)\.\)\{3\}\([1-9][0-9]\?\|[1][0-9]\{0,2\}\|[2][0-4][0-9]\|[2][5][0-4]\)\)$//p')
#
[ "$ip_full" != "" ] && echo "$req_ipadr vaild ip" || echo "$req_ipadr invaild ip"
回答by DirectedSoul
i tweaked all the codes and found this to be helpful.
我调整了所有代码，发现这很有帮助。
#!/bin/bash
ip="256.10.10.100"
if [[ "$ip" =~ (([01]{,1}[0-9]{1,2}|2[0-4][0-9]|25[0-5])\.([01]{,1}[0-9]{1,2}|2[0-4][0-9]|25[0-5])\.([01]{,1}[0-9]{1,2}|2[0-4][0-9]|25[0-5])\.([01]{,1}[0-9]{1,2}|2[0-4][0-9]|25[0-5]))$ ]]; then
echo "success"
else
echo "fail"
fi
回答by Adam Bowen
I prefer to use ipcalc to do this, as long as my script doesn't have to be portable.
我更喜欢使用 ipcalc 来做到这一点，只要我的脚本不必是可移植的。
ipcalc 1.1.1.355
INVALID ADDRESS: 1.1.1.355
Address: 192.168.1.1 11000000.10101000.00000001. 00000001
Netmask: 255.255.255.0 = 24 11111111.11111111.11111111. 00000000
Wildcard: 0.0.0.255 00000000.00000000.00000000. 11111111
=>
Network: 192.168.1.0/24 11000000.10101000.00000001. 00000000
HostMin: 192.168.1.1 11000000.10101000.00000001. 00000001
HostMax: 192.168.1.254 11000000.10101000.00000001. 11111110
Broadcast: 192.168.1.255 11000000.10101000.00000001. 11111111
Hosts/Net: 254 Class C, Private Internet
There is a great page showing how to use it in scripting, etc, here: SleeplessBeastie's Notes
有一个很棒的页面展示了如何在脚本等中使用它，这里是： SleeplessBeastie's Notes
回答by Naresh Joshi
You can just copy the following code and change body of if else control as per your need
您只需复制以下代码并根据需要更改 if else 控件的主体
function checkIP(){
echo "Checking IP Integrity"
ip=
byte1=`echo "$ip"|xargs|cut -d "." -f1`
byte2=`echo "$ip"|xargs|cut -d "." -f2`
byte3=`echo "$ip"|xargs|cut -d "." -f3`
byte4=`echo "$ip"|xargs|cut -d "." -f4`
if [[ $ip =~ ^[0-9]{1,3}\.[0-9]{1,3}\.[0-9]{1,3}\.[0-9]{1,3}$ && $byte1 -ge 0 && $byte1 -le 255 && $byte2 -ge 0 && $byte2 -le 255 && $byte3 -ge 0 && $byte3 -le 255 && $byte4 -ge 0 && $byte4 -le 255 ]]
then
echo "IP is correct"
else
echo "This Doesn't look like a valid IP Address : $ip"
fi
}
checkIP $myIP
Calling the method with IP Address stored in a variable named myIP.
使用存储在名为 myIP 的变量中的 IP 地址调用方法。
$ip =~ ^[0-9]{1,3}.[0-9]{1,3}.[0-9]{1,3}.[0-9]{1,3}$ - This part makes sure that IP consists of 4 blocks separated by a dot(.) but every block here is allowed to range from 0 - 999
$ip =~ ^[0-9]{1,3}.[0-9]{1,3}.[0-9]{1,3}.[0-9]{1,3}$ -这部分确保 IP 由 4 个由点（.）分隔的块组成，但这里的每个块都允许在 0 - 999 之间
Since desired range of every block would be 0 - 255, to make sure of that below line can be used.
由于每个块的所需范围是 0 - 255，以确保可以使用下面的行。
$byte1 -ge 0 && $byte1 -le 255 && $byte2 -ge 0 && $byte2 -le 255 && $byte3 -ge 0 && $byte3 -le 255 && $byte4 -ge 0 && $byte4 -le 255
$byte1 -ge 0 && $byte1 -le 255 && $byte2 -ge 0 && $byte2 -le 255 && $byte3 -ge 0 && $byte3 -le 255 && $byte4 -ge 0 && $byte4 -le 255
