在CentOS 8上安装单节点TiDB数据库集群
时间：2020-02-23 14:31:16 来源:igfitidea点击:
如何在CentOS 8 Linux服务器上安装单节点TiDB数据库集群。 TiDB是MySQL兼容的开放源代码NewSQL数据库，支持分析处理(HTAP)和混合事务工作负载。 TiDB的主要关键功能是高可用性，水平可伸缩性和强一致性。该数据库解决方案涵盖OLTP(在线事务处理)，OLAP(在线分析处理)和HTAP服务。
此设置将在单个节点实例中执行，并且适用于Lab和Dev环境。对于需要高可用性集群且集群中至少有三台机器的生产环境，不应参考本指南。有关生产设置要求和建议，请查阅TiDB官方文档页面。查看发行说明以了解所有新软件功能
在CentOS 8上安装单节点TiDB数据库集群
此设置是在具有以下硬件和软件要求的服务器上完成的：
操作系统：CentOS 8(64位)内存：16 GBCPU：8核心+磁盘空间：50GB + root用户SSH访问服务器上的Internet访问
如果我们对其他组件(例如PD，TiKV，TiFlash，TiCDC和Monitor)进行了严格的操作，则这些最低要求可能无法满足要求。在致力于特定组件之前，请热衷于文档中提供的建议。
更新服务器
在CentOS 8上开始安装TiDB数据库之前，请登录到计算机并执行系统更新。
sudo dnf -y update
升级后重新引导系统。
sudo systemctl reboot
禁用系统交换和firewalld
TiDB需要足够的内存空间来进行操作，因此不建议进行交换。因此，建议永久禁用系统交换。
echo "vm.swappiness = 0" | sudo tee -a /etc/sysctl.conf sudo swapoff -a && sudo swapon -a sudo sysctl -p
在TiDB集群中，必须打开节点之间的访问端口以确保信息的传输，例如读写请求和数据心跳。我建议我们为此实验室设置禁用firewalld。
sudo firewall-cmd --state sudo systemctl status firewalld.service
如果要在防火墙中打开端口，请查看"网络端口要求"文档。
下载并安装TiUP
接下来是将TiUP安装程序脚本下载到CentOS 8机器上。
curl --proto '=https' --tlsv1.2 -sSf https://tiup-mirrors.pingcap.com/install.sh -o tiup_installer.sh
给出脚本执行位。
chmod +x tiup_installer.sh
确保已安装tar软件包。
sudo yum -y install tar
执行脚本以开始安装。
sudo ./tiup_installer.sh
执行输出：
WARN: adding root certificate via internet: https://tiup-mirrors.pingcap.com/root.json You can revoke this by remove /root/.tiup/bin/7b8e153f2e2d0928.root.json Set mirror to https://tiup-mirrors.pingcap.com success Detected shell: bash Shell profile: /root/.bash_profile /root/.bash_profile has been modified to to add tiup to PATH open a new terminal or source /root/.bash_profile to use it Installed path: /root/.tiup/bin/tiup =============================================== Have a try: tiup playground ===============================================
源更新的bash配置文件。
source /root/.bash_profile
下一步是安装TiUP的集群组件：
# tiup cluster The component `cluster` is not installed; downloading from repository. download https://tiup-mirrors.pingcap.com/cluster-v1.1.2-linux-amd64.tar.gz 9.87 MiB/9.87 MiB 100.00% 9.28 MiB p/s Starting component `cluster`: Deploy a TiDB cluster for production
如果计算机上已经安装了TiUP集群，请更新软件版本：
# tiup update --self && tiup update cluster download https://tiup-mirrors.pingcap.com/tiup-v1.1.2-linux-amd64.tar.gz 4.32 MiB/4.32 MiB 100.00% 4.91 MiB p/s Updated successfully! component cluster version v1.1.2 is already installed Updated successfully!
创建并启动本地TiDB集群
由于TiUP需要模拟多台机器上的部署，因此建议增加sshd服务的连接限制。
# vi /etc/ssh/sshd_config MaxSessions 30
进行更改后，重新启动sshd服务。
sudo systemctl restart sshd
创建名为tidb-topology.yaml的拓扑配置文件。
cat >tidb-topology.yaml<<EOF # # Global variables are applied to all deployments and used as the default value of # # the deployments if a specific deployment value is missing. global: user: "tidb" ssh_port: 22 deploy_dir: "/tidb-deploy" data_dir: "/tidb-data" # # Monitored variables are applied to all the machines. monitored: node_exporter_port: 9100 blackbox_exporter_port: 9115 server_configs: tidb: log.slow-threshold: 300 tikv: readpool.storage.use-unified-pool: false readpool.coprocessor.use-unified-pool: true pd: replication.enable-placement-rules: true tiflash: logger.level: "info" pd_servers: - host: 127.0.0.1 # Replace with the server IP address you want to use tidb_servers: - host: 127.0.0.1 # Replace with the server IP address you want to use tikv_servers: - host: 127.0.0.1 # Replace with the server IP address you want to use port: 20150 status_port: 20160 - host: 127.0.0.1 # Replace with the server IP address you want to use port: 20151 status_port: 20161 - host: 127.0.0.1 # Replace with the server IP address you want to use port: 20152 status_port: 20162 tiflash_servers: - host: 127.0.0.1 # Replace with the server IP address you want to use monitoring_servers: - host: 127.0.0.1 # Replace with the server IP address you want to use grafana_servers: - host: 127.0.0.1 # Replace with the server IP address you want to use EOF
其中：用户：tidb：使用tidb系统用户(在部署过程中自动创建)来执行集群的内部管理。默认情况下，使用端口22通过SSH登录目标计算机。replication.enable-placement-rules：设置此PD参数以确保TiFlash正常运行。host：目标计算机的IP。
运行集群部署命令：
tiup cluster deploy <cluster-name> <tidb-version> ./tidb-topology.yaml --user root -p
将<clyster-name>替换为要使用的集群名称。<tidp-version> TiDB集群版本。使用以下命令获取所有受支持的TiDB版本：
# tiup list tidb
不适使用上述命令返回的最新版本：
# tiup cluster deploy local-tidb v4.0.6 ./tidb-topology.yaml --user root -p
按y键并提供root用户密码以完成部署：
Attention:
1. If the topology is not what you expected, check your yaml file.
2. Please confirm there is no port/directory conflicts in same host.
Do you want to continue? [y/N]: y
Input SSH password:
+ Generate SSH keys ... Done
+ Download TiDB components
......
我们应该看到正在下载TiDB组件。
Input SSH password: + Generate SSH keys ... Done + Download TiDB components - Download pd:v4.0.6 (linux/amd64) ... Done - Download tikv:v4.0.6 (linux/amd64) ... Done - Download tidb:v4.0.6 (linux/amd64) ... Done - Download tiflash:v4.0.6 (linux/amd64) ... Done - Download prometheus:v4.0.6 (linux/amd64) ... Done - Download grafana:v4.0.6 (linux/amd64) ... Done - Download node_exporter:v0.17.0 (linux/amd64) ... Done - Download blackbox_exporter:v0.12.0 (linux/amd64) ... Done + Initialize target host environments - Prepare 127.0.0.1:22 ... Done + Copy files - Copy pd -> 127.0.0.1 ... Done - Copy tikv -> 127.0.0.1 ... Done - Copy tikv -> 127.0.0.1 ... Done - Copy tikv -> 127.0.0.1 ... Done - Copy tidb -> 127.0.0.1 ... Done - Copy tiflash -> 127.0.0.1 ... Done - Copy prometheus -> 127.0.0.1 ... Done - Copy grafana -> 127.0.0.1 ... Done - Copy node_exporter -> 127.0.0.1 ... Done - Copy blackbox_exporter -> 127.0.0.1 ... Done + Check status Deployed cluster `local-tidb` successfully, you can start the cluster via `tiup cluster start local-tidb`
启动集群：
# tiup cluster start local-tidb
输出示例：
.... Starting component pd Starting instance pd 127.0.0.1:2379 Start pd 127.0.0.1:2379 success Starting component node_exporter Starting instance 127.0.0.1 Start 127.0.0.1 success Starting component blackbox_exporter Starting instance 127.0.0.1 Start 127.0.0.1 success Starting component tikv Starting instance tikv 127.0.0.1:20152 Starting instance tikv 127.0.0.1:20150 Starting instance tikv 127.0.0.1:20151 Start tikv 127.0.0.1:20151 success Start tikv 127.0.0.1:20152 success Start tikv 127.0.0.1:20150 success Starting component tidb Starting instance tidb 127.0.0.1:4000 Start tidb 127.0.0.1:4000 success ....
访问TiDB集群
要查看当前部署的群集列表：
# tiup cluster list Starting component `cluster`: /root/.tiup/components/cluster/v1.1.2/tiup-cluster list Name User Version Path PrivateKey ---- ---- ------- ---- --------- local-tidb tidb v4.0.6 /root/.tiup/storage/cluster/clusters/local-tidb /root/.tiup/storage/cluster/clusters/local-tidb/ssh/id_rsa
要查看集群拓扑和状态：
# tiup cluster display local-tidb Starting component `cluster`: /root/.tiup/components/cluster/v1.1.2/tiup-cluster display local-tidb tidb Cluster: local-tidb tidb Version: v4.0.6 ID Role Host Ports OS/Arch Status Data Dir Deploy Dir -- ---- ---- ----- ------- ------ -------- --------- 127.0.0.1:3000 grafana 127.0.0.1 3000 linux/x86_64 inactive - /tidb-deploy/grafana-3000 127.0.0.1:2379 pd 127.0.0.1 2379/2380 linux/x86_64 Up|L|UI /tidb-data/pd-2379 /tidb-deploy/pd-2379 127.0.0.1:9090 prometheus 127.0.0.1 9090 linux/x86_64 inactive /tidb-data/prometheus-9090 /tidb-deploy/prometheus-9090 127.0.0.1:4000 tidb 127.0.0.1 4000/10080 linux/x86_64 Up - /tidb-deploy/tidb-4000 127.0.0.1:9000 tiflash 127.0.0.1 9000/8123/3930/20160/20292/8234 linux/x86_64 N/A /tidb-data/tiflash-9000 /tidb-deploy/tiflash-9000 127.0.0.1:20150 tikv 127.0.0.1 20150/20160 linux/x86_64 Up /tidb-data/tikv-20150 /tidb-deploy/tikv-20150 127.0.0.1:20151 tikv 127.0.0.1 20151/20161 linux/x86_64 Up /tidb-data/tikv-20151 /tidb-deploy/tikv-20151 127.0.0.1:20152 tikv 127.0.0.1 20152/20162 linux/x86_64 Up /tidb-data/tikv-20152 /tidb-deploy/tikv-20152
一旦启动，我们就可以使用mysql命令行客户端工具访问TiDB集群。
# yum install mariadb -y # mysql -h 127.0.01 -P 4000 -u root Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 2 Server version: 5.7.25-TiDB-v4.0.6 TiDB Server (Apache License 2.0) Community Edition, MySQL 5.7 compatible Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. MySQL [(none)]> SELECT VERSION(); +--------------------+ | VERSION() | +--------------------+ | 5.7.25-TiDB-v4.0.6 | +--------------------+ 1 row in set (0.001 sec) MySQL [(none)]> EXIT
仪表板访问：可通过http：//{grafana-ip}：3000访问Grafana监控仪表板。默认的用户名和密码均为" admin"。可通过http：//{pd-ip}：2379/dashboard访问TiDB仪表板。默认的用户名为" root"，密码为空。
