在CentOS 8RHEL 8上安装PostgreSQL 13
时间：2020-02-23 14:31:15 来源:igfitidea点击:
在本指南中，我们将探讨在CentOS 8上PostgreSQL 13的安装。 RHEL 8 Linux服务器。 PostgreSQL是功能强大的开源对象关系数据库系统，可以安全地存储和扩展最复杂的数据工作负载。 PostgreSQL数据库系统旨在确保用户的可靠性，数据完整性，强大的功能集和可扩展性。其发展背后有一个庞大的社区，以确保创新和强大的声誉。
在CentOS 8 RHEL 8 上安装PostgreSQL 13
从本文更新起，PostgreSQL 13已可以运行生产工作负载。所有软件包都可以在PostgreSQL团队正式支持的YUM存储库中找到，从而简化了安装过程。
在开始安装之前，请确保我们正在运行最新版本的CentOS 8. RHEL 8 Linux系统。我们可以运行yum update命令以获取最新更新。
sudo yum -y update sudo systemctl reboot
系统重启后，开始在CentOS 8上安装PostgreSQL 13. RHEL 8服务器。
添加PostgreSQL Yum存储库
YUM存储库支持CentOS和RHEL系列Linux发行版。添加后，它将在PostgreSQL的整个支持期内为所有受支持的PostgreSQL版本提供自动更新。
运行以下命令以将提供PostgreSQL软件包的存储库添加到CentOS/RHEL 8服务器。
sudo dnf install https://download.postgresql.org/pub/repos/yum/reporpms/EL-8-x86_64/pgdg-redhat-repo-latest.noarch.rpm
通过按键盘上的y键提示接受安装。
ependencies resolved. ================================================================================================================================================================== Package Architecture Version Repository Size ================================================================================================================================================================== Installing: pgdg-redhat-repo noarch 42.0-14 @commandline 11 k Transaction Summary ================================================================================================================================================================== Install 1 Package Total size: 11 k Installed size: 11 k Is this ok [y/N]: y
在CentOS 8 RHEL 8上安装PostgreSQL 13
我们需要在CentOS 8上禁用PostgreSQL AppStream存储库。 RHEL 8 Linux包含其他版本的PostgreSQL。
sudo dnf -qy module disable postgresql
确认启用的存储库列表。
$sudo dnf repolist repo id repo name AppStream CentOS-8 - AppStream BaseOS CentOS-8 - Base extras CentOS-8 - Extras pgdg-common PostgreSQL common RPMs for RHEL/CentOS 8 - x86_64 pgdg10 PostgreSQL 10 for RHEL/CentOS 8 - x86_64 pgdg11 PostgreSQL 11 for RHEL/CentOS 8 - x86_64 pgdg12 PostgreSQL 12 for RHEL/CentOS 8 - x86_64 pgdg13 PostgreSQL 13 for RHEL/CentOS 8 - x86_64 pgdg95 PostgreSQL 9.5 for RHEL/CentOS 8 - x86_64 pgdg96 PostgreSQL 9.6 for RHEL/CentOS 8 - x86_64
检查存储库中是否有PostgreSQL 13软件包。
$sudo yum search postgresql13 Last metadata expiration check: 0:00:45 ago on Sat 31 Oct 2017 08:04:30 AM CET. =============================================================== Name Exactly Matched: postgresql13 =============================================================== postgresql13.x86_64 : PostgreSQL client programs and libraries =================================================================== Name Matched: postgresql13 =================================================================== postgresql13-docs.x86_64 : Extra documentation for PostgreSQL postgresql13-libs.x86_64 : The shared libraries required for any PostgreSQL clients postgresql13-test.x86_64 : The test suite distributed with PostgreSQL postgresql13-devel.x86_64 : PostgreSQL development header files and libraries postgresql13-pltcl.x86_64 : The Tcl procedural language for PostgreSQL postgresql13-plperl.x86_64 : The Perl procedural language for PostgreSQL postgresql13-server.x86_64 : The programs needed to create and run a PostgreSQL server postgresql13-contrib.x86_64 : Contributed source and binaries distributed with PostgreSQL postgresql13-llvmjit.x86_64 : Just-in-time compilation support for PostgreSQL
现在在CentOS 8上安装PostgreSQL 13软件包。 RHEL 8服务器既是服务器又是客户端。
sudo dnf install postgresql13 postgresql13-server
如果可以，请同意安装。
Dependencies resolved. ================================================================================================================================================================== Package Architecture Version Repository Size ================================================================================================================================================================== Installing: postgresql13 x86_64 13.0-1PGDG.rhel8 pgdg13 1.4 M postgresql13-server x86_64 13.0-1PGDG.rhel8 pgdg13 5.5 M Installing dependencies: libicu x86_64 60.3-2.el8_1 BaseOS 8.8 M postgresql13-libs x86_64 13.0-1PGDG.rhel8 pgdg13 411 k Transaction Summary ================================================================================================================================================================== Install 4 Packages Total download size: 16 M Installed size: 63 M Is this ok [y/N]: y
还需要GPG密钥存储库。
Total 13 MB/s | 16 MB 00:01 warning: /var/cache/dnf/pgdg13-e81daebfc8b779ec/packages/postgresql13-13.0-1PGDG.rhel8.x86_64.rpm: Header V4 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 442df0f8: NOKEY PostgreSQL 13 for RHEL/CentOS 8 - x86_64 1.6 MB/s | 1.7 kB 00:00 Importing GPG key 0x442DF0F8: Userid : "PostgreSQL RPM Building Project <theitroad@localhost>" Fingerprint: 68C9 E2B9 1A37 D136 FE74 D176 1F16 D2E1 442D F0F8 From : /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-PGDG Is this ok [y/N]: y
初始化并启动数据库服务
必须先进行PostgreSQL数据库初始化，然后才能使用数据库服务器。
$sudo /usr/pgsql-13/bin/postgresql-13-setup initdb Initializing database ... OK
数据库的主要配置文件是/var/lib/pgsql/13/data/postgresql.conf
$ls /var/lib/pgsql/13/data/ base pg_commit_ts pg_ident.conf pg_notify pg_snapshots pg_subtrans PG_VERSION postgresql.auto.conf global pg_dynshmem pg_logical pg_replslot pg_stat pg_tblspc pg_wal postgresql.conf log pg_hba.conf pg_multixact pg_serial pg_stat_tmp pg_twophase pg_xact
启动PostgreSQL数据库服务器并将其设置为在启动时启动。
$sudo systemctl enable --now postgresql-13 Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/postgresql-13.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/postgresql-13.service.
检查服务状态以确认它正在运行。
$systemctl status postgresql-13
● postgresql-13.service - PostgreSQL 13 database server
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/postgresql-13.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
Active: active (running) since Thu 2017-07-09 23:35:30 CEST; 37s ago
Docs: https://www.postgresql.org/docs/13/static/
Process: 1860 ExecStartPre=/usr/pgsql-13/bin/postgresql-13-check-db-dir ${PGDATA} (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Main PID: 1865 (postmaster)
Tasks: 8 (limit: 12210)
Memory: 17.3M
CGroup: /system.slice/postgresql-13.service
├─1865 /usr/pgsql-13/bin/postmaster -D /var/lib/pgsql/13/data/
├─1867 postgres: logger
├─1869 postgres: checkpointer
├─1870 postgres: background writer
├─1871 postgres: walwriter
├─1872 postgres: autovacuum launcher
├─1873 postgres: stats collector
└─1874 postgres: logical replication launcher
May 09 23:35:30 centos-01.theitroad.local systemd[1]: Starting PostgreSQL 13 database server...
May 09 23:35:30 centos-01.theitroad.local postmaster[1865]: 2017-07-09 23:35:30.180 CEST [1865] LOG: redirecting log output to logging collector process
May 09 23:35:30 centos-01.theitroad.local postmaster[1865]: 2017-07-09 23:35:30.180 CEST [1865] HINT: Future log output will appear in directory "log".
May 09 23:35:30 centos-01.theitroad.local systemd[1]: Started PostgreSQL 13 database server.
设置PostgreSQL管理员用户密码
更新PostgreSQL管理员用户密码。
$sudo su - postgres ]$psql -c "alter user postgres with password 'StrongDBPassword'" ALTER ROLE
启用远程数据库连接(可选)
编辑文件/var/lib/pgsql/13/data/postgresql.conf，并将侦听地址设置为服务器IP地址，或者将*设置为所有接口。
$sudo vi /var/lib/pgsql/13/data/postgresql.conf # line 59 listen_addresses = '192.168.10.10'
还设置PostgreSQL接受远程连接
$sudo vi /var/lib/pgsql/13/data/pg_hba.conf # Accept from anywhere (not recommended) host all all 0.0.0.0/0 md5 # Accept from trusted subnet (Recommended setting) host all all 192.168.18.0/24 md5
保存更改后，重新启动数据库服务。
sudo systemctl restart postgresql-13
使用psql命令测试连接，同时提供用户名和(可选)数据库名称。
$psql -U <dbuser> -h <serverip> -p 5432 <dbname>
安装pgAdmin 4 Web界面
pgAdmin是领先的开源功能丰富的PostgreSQL管理和开发平台，可在Linux，Unix，Mac OS X和Windows上运行。
