如何将Fedora 31升级到Fedora 32 ?. Fedora 32已被释放为Beta，现在可以在桌面和服务器上安装。
问题是如何将Fedora 31升级到Fedora 32？
要享受Fedora 32 Beta中可用的最新功能，需要升级或者新安装。

大多数人更愿意在保留文件和安装应用程序的同时在工作站上执行Fedora 31到Fedora 32.
它易于从Fedora 31升级到Fedora 32工作站。
首先确认我们正在运行的Fedora发布。

$cat /etc/os-release 
NAME=Fedora
VERSION="31.20170316.0 (Workstation Edition)"
ID=fedora
VERSION_ID=31
VERSION_CODENAME=""
PLATFORM_ID="platform:f31"
PRETTY_NAME="Fedora 31.20170316.0 (Workstation Edition)"
ANSI_COLOR="0;34"
LOGO=fedora-logo-icon
CPE_NAME="cpe:/o:fedoraproject:fedora:31"
HOME_URL="https://fedoraproject.org/"
DOCUMENTATION_URL="https://docs.fedoraproject.org/en-US/fedora/f31/system-administrators-guide/"
SUPPORT_URL="https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Communicating_and_getting_help"
BUG_REPORT_URL="https://bugzilla.redhat.com/"
REDHAT_BUGZILLA_PRODUCT="Fedora"
REDHAT_BUGZILLA_PRODUCT_VERSION=31
REDHAT_SUPPORT_PRODUCT="Fedora"
REDHAT_SUPPORT_PRODUCT_VERSION=31
PRIVACY_POLICY_URL="https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Legal:PrivacyPolicy"
VARIANT="Workstation Edition"
VARIANT_ID=workstation
OSTREE_VERSION='31.20170316.0'

可以从关于页面的桌面环境中拔出相同的细节。

从Fedora 31升级到Fedora 32工作站

可以从命令行或者桌面图形接口升级Fedora 31到Fedora 32.
我更喜欢命令行升级，因为很容易解决可能出现的任何错误。

第1步：备份系统

在执行升级之前备份重要文件 - 建议我们将此操作到外部驱动器或者网络中的其他系统。

我们可以在Fedora杂志上查看备份系列。

第2步：更新系统

让我们确保我们安装了最新版本的软件包。

sudo dnf upgrade --refresh

更新后重新启动

sudo reboot

第3步：将Fedora 31升级到Fedora 32工作站

曾经是系统从重启开始，安装DNF插件。

sudo dnf install dnf-plugin-system-upgrade

按y接受安装。

Last metadata expiration check: 0:40:22 ago on Thu 16 Apr 2017 09:28:55 PM EAT.
Dependencies resolved.
=======================================================================================================================================================
 Package                                               Architecture               Version                            Repository                   Size
=======================================================================================================================================================
Installing:
 python3-dnf-plugin-system-upgrade                     noarch                     4.0.8-4.fc31                       updates                      29 k
Installing dependencies:
 python3-dnf-plugins-extras-common                     noarch                     4.0.8-4.fc31                       updates                      67 k
Transaction Summary
=======================================================================================================================================================
Install  2 Packages
Total download size: 96 k
Installed size: 216 k
Is this ok [y/N]: y

通过在终端中运行以下命令，开始升级Fedora 31到Fedora 32工作站。

sudo dnf system-upgrade download --releasever=32

我们将在运行命令之前，我们应该发出警告。
应该在运行命令之前完成系统升级。

Before you continue ensure that your system is fully upgraded by running "dnf --refresh upgrade". Do you want to continue [y/N]: y

此命令将在本地下载所有升级，因为它准备实际升级。

Transaction Summary
=======================================================================================================================================================
Install      38 Packages
Upgrade    1760 Packages
Remove        4 Packages
Downgrade     3 Packages
Total download size: 1.8 G
DNF will only download packages, install gpg keys, and check the transaction.
Is this ok [y/N]: y
....

NB：如果我们有损坏的依赖项或者退休包阻止升级，则使用该命令。

sudo dnf system-upgrade download --releasever=32 ‐‐allowerasing

成功下载将显示如下的消息。

Running transaction check
Transaction check succeeded.
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded.
Running transaction
  Preparing        :                                                                                                                           1/1 
Complete!
Download complete! Use 'dnf system-upgrade reboot' to start the upgrade.
To remove cached metadata and transaction use 'dnf system-upgrade clean'
The downloaded packages were saved in cache until the next successful transaction.
You can remove cached packages by executing 'dnf clean packages'.

第4步：开始升级Fedora 31到Fedora 32

成功执行命令后，重新启动并完成Fedora 31工作站的升级到Fedora 32.

sudo dnf system-upgrade reboot

等待升级完成：

在下面的命令上检查Fedora版本。

$cat /etc/redhat-release
Fedora release 32 (Thirty Two)
$cat /etc/os-release
NAME=Fedora
VERSION="32 (Workstation Edition)"
ID=fedora
VERSION_ID=32
VERSION_CODENAME=""
PLATFORM_ID="platform:f32"
PRETTY_NAME="Fedora 32 (Workstation Edition)"
ANSI_COLOR="0;34"
LOGO=fedora-logo-icon
CPE_NAME="cpe:/o:fedoraproject:fedora:32"
HOME_URL="https://fedoraproject.org/"
DOCUMENTATION_URL="https://docs.fedoraproject.org/en-US/fedora/f32/system-administrators-guide/"
SUPPORT_URL="https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Communicating_and_getting_help"
BUG_REPORT_URL="https://bugzilla.redhat.com/"
REDHAT_BUGZILLA_PRODUCT="Fedora"
REDHAT_BUGZILLA_PRODUCT_VERSION=32
REDHAT_SUPPORT_PRODUCT="Fedora"
REDHAT_SUPPORT_PRODUCT_VERSION=32
PRIVACY_POLICY_URL="https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Legal:PrivacyPolicy"
VARIANT="Workstation Edition"
VARIANT_ID=workstation