Linux 通过 shell 脚本更改文件的内容
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Changing contents of a file through shell script
提问by user2031888
I have a requirement where in I need to change the contents of a file say xyz.cfg. the file contains values like:
我有一个要求，我需要更改文件的内容，比如 xyz.cfg。该文件包含如下值：
group address=127.8.8.8
port=7845
Jboss username=xyz_ITR3
I want to change this content when ever needed through a shell script and save the file. Changed content can look like:
我想在需要时通过 shell 脚本更改此内容并保存文件。更改后的内容可能如下所示：
group address=127.8.7.7
port=7822
Jboss username=xyz_ITR4
How can i achieve this using shell script by taking user input or otherwise?
如何通过获取用户输入或其他方式使用 shell 脚本实现此目的？
采纳答案by Chris Seymour
How about something like:
怎么样：
#!/bin/bash
addr=
port=
user=
sed -i -e "s/\(address=\).*//" \
-e "s/\(port=\).*//" \
-e "s/\(username=\).*//" xyz.cfg
Where $1,$2and $3are the arguments passed to the script. Save it a file such as script.shand make sure it executable with chmod +x script.shthen you can run it like:
传递给脚本的参数在哪里$1,$2和$3在哪里。将其保存为一个文件，例如script.sh并确保它可执行，chmod +x script.sh然后您可以像这样运行它：
$ ./script.sh 127.8.7.7 7822 xyz_ITR4
$ cat xyz.cfg
group address=127.8.7.7
port=7822
Jboss username=xyz_ITR4
This gives you the basic structure however you would want to think about validating input ect.
这为您提供了基本结构，但是您需要考虑验证输入等。
回答by herdingofthecats
sed -i 's/something/other/g' filename.txt
Will edit filename.txt in-place, and change the word 'something' to 'other'
将就地编辑 filename.txt，并将单词“something”更改为“other”
I think -i may be a GNU extension though, but if it's OK for you, you can add it via find, xargs etc.
我认为 -i 可能是一个 GNU 扩展，但如果它适合你，你可以通过 find、xargs 等添加它。
If you would like to change it in a shell script, you can take arguments on the command-line and refer to them by number, eg $1
如果您想在 shell 脚本中更改它，您可以在命令行中获取参数并通过数字引用它们，例如 $1
Edit:
编辑：
As per my comment, sudo_O's answer below is exactly the example that you want. What I will add is that it's common that you'll want to do such matches with multiple files, spanning subdirectories etc, so get to know find/xargs, and you can combine the two. A simple example of say changing the subnet in a bunch of .cfg files could be:
根据我的评论，下面 sudo_O 的答案正是您想要的示例。我要补充的是，您通常希望对多个文件、跨越子目录等进行此类匹配，因此了解 find/xargs，您可以将两者结合起来。更改一堆 .cfg 文件中的子网的一个简单示例可能是：
find -name '*.cfg' -print0 | xargs -0 -I {} sed -ie 's/\(192.168\)\.1/\.7/' {}
Note the -print0/-0 args to find/xargs (very useful for paths/filenames with spaces), and that you have to escape the capturing brackets because of the shell (same in sudo's example)
请注意 find/xargs 的 -print0/-0 args（对于带有空格的路径/文件名非常有用），并且由于 shell，您必须转义捕获括号（与 sudo 的示例中相同）
回答by Yuriy
*
*
#! /bin/sh
file=xyz.cfg
addr=
port=
username=
sed -i 's/address=.*/address='$addr'/' $file
sed -i 's/port=.*/port='$port'/' $file
sed -i 's/username=.*/username='$username'/' $file
*
*
I hope this one will be simpler to understand for beginners
我希望这个对初学者来说更容易理解
回答by kiran jadhav
sed -i "s/$name/$new_name/g" address.txt
This command can also be used for modifying the data.
该命令也可用于修改数据。
