如何下载rpm软件包和所有依赖项(RHEL/CentOS 7)
时间：2020-01-09 10:38:14 来源:igfitidea点击:
在本文中，我将分享"下载rpm软件包和所有依赖项的步骤"，这样我们就不必为单独下载rpm的依赖项而烦恼。
这些是我们可以用来执行此操作的一些命令
yumdownloader
repotrack
准备工作
yumdownloader和repotrack都是yum-utils rpm的一部分，因此在开始使用这些工具之前，请先安装此rpm。
说明：
在RHEL系统上，我们必须具有RHN的活动订阅，或者我们可以配置本地脱机存储库，" yum"程序包管理器可以使用该本地存储库安装所提供的rpm及其依赖项。
# yum install -y yum-utils
使用yumdownloader下载rpm包和所有依赖项
以下是下载rpm软件包及其所有依赖项的命令
# yumdownloader --downloadonly --downloaddir=. glibc --resolve Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: centos.excellmedia.net * extras: centos.excellmedia.net * updates: centos.excellmedia.net No Match for argument . --> Running transaction check ---> Package glibc.i686 0:2.17-222.el7 will be installed --> Processing Dependency: glibc-common = 2.17-222.el7 for package: glibc-2.17-222.el7.i686 --> Processing Dependency: libfreebl3.so(NSSRAWHASH_3.12.3) for package: glibc-2.17-222.el7.i686 --> Processing Dependency: libfreebl3.so for package: glibc-2.17-222.el7.i686 ---> Package glibc.x86_64 0:2.17-222.el7 will be installed --> Running transaction check ---> Package glibc-common.x86_64 0:2.17-196.el7 will be updated --> Processing Dependency: glibc-common = 2.17-196.el7 for package: glibc-2.17-196.el7.x86_64 ---> Package glibc-common.x86_64 0:2.17-222.el7 will be an update ---> Package nss-softokn-freebl.x86_64 0:3.28.3-6.el7 will be updated ---> Package nss-softokn-freebl.i686 0:3.36.0-5.el7_5 will be installed --> Processing Dependency: nss-util >= 3.36.0-1 for package: nss-softokn-freebl-3.36.0-5.el7_5.i686 --> Processing Dependency: nspr >= 4.19.0 for package: nss-softokn-freebl-3.36.0-5.el7_5.i686 ---> Package nss-softokn-freebl.x86_64 0:3.36.0-5.el7_5 will be an update --> Running transaction check ---> Package glibc.x86_64 0:2.17-196.el7 will be updated --> Processing Dependency: glibc = 2.17-196.el7 for package: glibc-headers-2.17-196.el7.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: glibc = 2.17-196.el7 for package: glibc-devel-2.17-196.el7.x86_64 ---> Package nspr.x86_64 0:4.13.1-1.0.el7_3 will be updated ---> Package nspr.x86_64 0:4.19.0-1.el7_5 will be an update ---> Package nss-util.x86_64 0:3.28.4-3.el7 will be updated ---> Package nss-util.x86_64 0:3.36.0-1.el7_5 will be an update --> Running transaction check ---> Package glibc-devel.x86_64 0:2.17-196.el7 will be updated ---> Package glibc-devel.x86_64 0:2.17-222.el7 will be an update ---> Package glibc-headers.x86_64 0:2.17-196.el7 will be updated ---> Package glibc-headers.x86_64 0:2.17-222.el7 will be an update --> Finished Dependency Resolution (1/2): nss-softokn-freebl-3.36.0-5.el7_5.i686.rpm | 211 kB 00:00:00 (2/2): glibc-2.17-222.el7.i686.rpm | 4.2 MB 00:00:01 exiting because "Download Only" specified
例如，我其中下载glibc及其所有依赖项rpms
# yumdownloader --downloadonly --downloaddir=/tmp/glibc --resolve
说明：
此命令用于下载软件包及其依赖项，并不总是能够成功识别所有依赖项。
最好使用repoquery查找依赖项，然后使用yumdownloader下载它们。
# repoquery -R --resolve --recursive glibc |xargs -r yumdownloader Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: centos.excellmedia.net * extras: centos.excellmedia.net * updates: centos.excellmedia.net No Presto metadata available for base (1/27): basesystem-10.0-7.el7.centos.noarch.rpm | 5.0 kB 00:00:00 (2/27): centos-release-7-5.1804.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm | 24 kB 00:00:00 (3/27): chkconfig-1.7.4-1.el7.x86_64.rpm | 181 kB 00:00:00 (4/27): gmp-6.0.0-15.el7.i686.rpm | 416 kB 00:00:00 (5/27): gawk-4.0.2-4.el7_3.1.x86_64.rpm | 874 kB 00:00:00 (6/27): gmp-6.0.0-15.el7.x86_64.rpm | 281 kB 00:00:00 (7/27): keyutils-libs-1.5.8-3.el7.i686.rpm | 25 kB 00:00:00 (8/27): keyutils-libs-1.5.8-3.el7.x86_64.rpm | 25 kB 00:00:00 (9/27): libcap-2.22-9.el7.x86_64.rpm | 47 kB 00:00:00 (10/27): grep-2.20-3.el7.x86_64.rpm | 344 kB 00:00:00 (11/27): libffi-3.0.13-18.el7.i686.rpm | 27 kB 00:00:00 (12/27): libffi-3.0.13-18.el7.x86_64.rpm | 30 kB 00:00:00 (13/27): libverto-0.2.5-4.el7.x86_64.rpm | 16 kB 00:00:00 (14/27): libgcc-4.8.5-28.el7_5.1.i686.rpm | 108 kB 00:00:00 (15/27): libtasn1-4.10-1.el7.x86_64.rpm | 320 kB 00:00:00 (16/27): nss-softokn-freebl-3.34.0-2.el7.i686.rpm | 206 kB 00:00:00 (17/27): nspr-4.19.0-1.el7_5.i686.rpm | 128 kB 00:00:00 (18/27): nss-softokn-freebl-3.34.0-2.el7.x86_64.rpm | 220 kB 00:00:00 (19/27): p11-kit-0.23.5-3.el7.i686.rpm | 241 kB 00:00:00 (20/27): nss-util-3.36.0-1.el7_5.i686.rpm | 76 kB 00:00:00 (21/27): p11-kit-trust-0.23.5-3.el7.x86_64.rpm | 129 kB 00:00:00 (22/27): p11-kit-0.23.5-3.el7.x86_64.rpm | 252 kB 00:00:00 (23/27): pcre-8.32-17.el7.i686.rpm | 420 kB 00:00:00 (24/27): popt-1.13-16.el7.x86_64.rpm | 42 kB 00:00:00 (25/27): pcre-8.32-17.el7.x86_64.rpm | 422 kB 00:00:00 (26/27): zlib-1.2.7-17.el7.x86_64.rpm | 90 kB 00:00:00 (27/27): sed-4.2.2-5.el7.x86_64.rpm | 231 kB 00:00:00
该命令将在我们当前的工作目录中下载glibcrpm及其所有依赖项。
因此，如我们所见，该命令能够成功获取更大的依赖项列表，而当我们仅使用yumdownloader时，该列表被跳过。
使用repotrack下载rpm包和所有依赖项
repotrack是一个用于跟踪特定程序包及其依赖关系的程序。
它将下载一个或者多个软件包以及所有依赖项。
使用以下命令，我在当前目录中使用repotrack下载glibc及其所有依赖项。
# repotrack glibc Downloading basesystem-10.0-7.el7.centos.noarch.rpm Downloading bash-4.2.46-30.el7.x86_64.rpm Downloading ca-certificates-2016.2.22-70.0.el7_5.noarch.rpm Downloading centos-release-7-5.1804.4.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm Downloading chkconfig-1.7.4-1.el7.x86_64.rpm Downloading coreutils-8.22-21.el7.x86_64.rpm Downloading filesystem-3.2-25.el7.x86_64.rpm Downloading gawk-4.0.2-4.el7_3.1.x86_64.rpm Downloading glibc-2.17-222.el7.i686.rpm Downloading glibc-2.17-222.el7.x86_64.rpm Downloading glibc-common-2.17-222.el7.x86_64.rpm Downloading gmp-6.0.0-15.el7.i686.rpm Downloading gmp-6.0.0-15.el7.x86_64.rpm Downloading grep-2.20-3.el7.x86_64.rpm Downloading info-5.1-5.el7.x86_64.rpm Downloading keyutils-libs-1.5.8-3.el7.i686.rpm Downloading keyutils-libs-1.5.8-3.el7.x86_64.rpm Downloading krb5-libs-1.15.1-19.el7.x86_64.rpm Downloading libacl-2.2.51-14.el7.x86_64.rpm Downloading libattr-2.4.46-13.el7.x86_64.rpm Downloading libcap-2.22-9.el7.x86_64.rpm Downloading libcom_err-1.42.9-12.el7_5.x86_64.rpm Downloading libffi-3.0.13-18.el7.i686.rpm Downloading libffi-3.0.13-18.el7.x86_64.rpm Downloading libgcc-4.8.5-28.el7_5.1.i686.rpm Downloading libgcc-4.8.5-28.el7_5.1.x86_64.rpm Downloading libselinux-2.5-12.el7.x86_64.rpm Downloading libsepol-2.5-8.1.el7.x86_64.rpm Downloading libstdc++-4.8.5-28.el7_5.1.i686.rpm Downloading libstdc++-4.8.5-28.el7_5.1.x86_64.rpm Downloading libtasn1-4.10-1.el7.x86_64.rpm Downloading libverto-0.2.5-4.el7.x86_64.rpm Downloading ncurses-5.9-14.20130511.el7_4.x86_64.rpm Downloading ncurses-base-5.9-14.20130511.el7_4.noarch.rpm Downloading ncurses-libs-5.9-14.20130511.el7_4.x86_64.rpm Downloading nspr-4.19.0-1.el7_5.i686.rpm Downloading nspr-4.19.0-1.el7_5.x86_64.rpm Downloading nss-softokn-freebl-3.36.0-5.el7_5.i686.rpm Downloading nss-softokn-freebl-3.36.0-5.el7_5.x86_64.rpm Downloading nss-util-3.36.0-1.el7_5.x86_64.rpm Downloading nss-util-3.36.0-1.el7_5.i686.rpm Downloading openssl-libs-1.0.2k-12.el7.x86_64.rpm Downloading p11-kit-0.23.5-3.el7.i686.rpm Downloading p11-kit-0.23.5-3.el7.x86_64.rpm Downloading p11-kit-trust-0.23.5-3.el7.x86_64.rpm Downloading pcre-8.32-17.el7.x86_64.rpm Downloading pcre-8.32-17.el7.i686.rpm Downloading popt-1.13-16.el7.x86_64.rpm Downloading sed-4.2.2-5.el7.x86_64.rpm Downloading setup-2.8.71-9.el7.noarch.rpm Downloading tzdata-2016e-3.el7.noarch.rpm Downloading zlib-1.2.7-17.el7.x86_64.rpm
此命令还可以成功下载glibc rpm的所有依赖项列表。
