PTHREAD_ATTR_INIT - Linux手册页
Linux程序员手册 第3部分
更新日期: 2020-06-09
名称
pthread_attr_init,pthread_attr_destroy-初始化和销毁线程属性对象
语法
#include <pthread.h> int pthread_attr_init(pthread_attr_t *attr); int pthread_attr_destroy(pthread_attr_t *attr); Compile and link with -pthread.
说明
pthread_attr_init()函数使用默认属性值初始化attr指向的线程属性对象。调用之后,可以使用各种相关功能(在"另请参阅"下列出)来设置对象的各个属性,然后可以在一个或多个创建线程的pthread_create(3)调用中使用该对象。
在已初始化的线程属性对象上调用pthread_attr_init()会导致未定义的行为。
当不再需要线程属性对象时,应使用pthread_attr_destroy()函数将其销毁。销毁线程属性对象对使用该对象创建的线程无效。
线程属性对象被破坏后,可以使用pthread_attr_init()重新初始化它。对销毁的线程属性对象的任何其他使用都会产生不确定的结果。
返回值
成功时,这些函数返回0;否则,返回0。错误时,它们返回非零错误号。
错误说明
POSIX.1记录了pthread_attr_init()的ENOMEM错误;在Linux上,这些功能始终会成功(但可移植且面向未来的应用程序仍应处理可能的错误返回)。
属性
有关本节中使用的术语的说明,请参见attribute(7)。
Interface | Attribute | Value |
pthread_attr_init(),pthread_attr_destroy() | Thread safety | MT-Safe |
遵循规范
POSIX.1-2001,POSIX.1-2008。
备注
pthread_attr_t类型应被视为不透明的:除通过pthreads函数之外,对该对象的任何访问都是不可移植的,并且会产生不确定的结果。
示例
下面的程序可选地使用pthread_attr_init()和各种相关函数来初始化用于创建单个线程的线程属性对象。创建后,线程将使用pthread_getattr_np(3)函数(非标准的GNU扩展)来检索线程的属性,然后显示这些属性。
如果程序在没有命令行参数的情况下运行,则它将NULL作为pthread_create(3)的attr参数传递,以便使用默认属性创建线程。在具有NPTL线程实现的Linux / x86-32上运行程序,我们看到以下内容:
$ ulimit -s # No stack limit ==> default stack size is 2 MB unlimited $ ./a.out Thread attributes: Detach state = PTHREAD_CREATE_JOINABLE Scope = PTHREAD_SCOPE_SYSTEM Inherit scheduler = PTHREAD_INHERIT_SCHED Scheduling policy = SCHED_OTHER Scheduling priority = 0 Guard size = 4096 bytes Stack address = 0x40196000 Stack size = 0x201000 bytes
当我们提供堆栈大小作为命令行参数时,程序将初始化线程属性对象,在该对象中设置各种属性,并在对pthread_create(3)的调用中将指针传递给该对象。在具有NPTL线程实现的Linux / x86-32上运行程序,我们看到以下内容:
$ ./a.out 0x3000000 posix_memalign() allocated at 0x40197000 Thread attributes: Detach state = PTHREAD_CREATE_DETACHED Scope = PTHREAD_SCOPE_SYSTEM Inherit scheduler = PTHREAD_EXPLICIT_SCHED Scheduling policy = SCHED_OTHER Scheduling priority = 0 Guard size = 0 bytes Stack address = 0x40197000 Stack size = 0x3000000 bytes
Program source
#define _GNU_SOURCE /* To get pthread_getattr_np() declaration */ #include <pthread.h> #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <unistd.h> #include <errno.h> #define handle_error_en(en, msg) \ do { errno = en; perror(msg); exit(EXIT_FAILURE); } while (0) static void display_pthread_attr(pthread_attr_t *attr, char *prefix) { int s, i; size_t v; void *stkaddr; struct sched_param sp; s = pthread_attr_getdetachstate(attr, &i); if (s != 0) handle_error_en(s, "pthread_attr_getdetachstate"); printf("%sDetach state = %s\n", prefix, (i == PTHREAD_CREATE_DETACHED) ? "PTHREAD_CREATE_DETACHED" : (i == PTHREAD_CREATE_JOINABLE) ? "PTHREAD_CREATE_JOINABLE" : "???"); s = pthread_attr_getscope(attr, &i); if (s != 0) handle_error_en(s, "pthread_attr_getscope"); printf("%sScope = %s\n", prefix, (i == PTHREAD_SCOPE_SYSTEM) ? "PTHREAD_SCOPE_SYSTEM" : (i == PTHREAD_SCOPE_PROCESS) ? "PTHREAD_SCOPE_PROCESS" : "???"); s = pthread_attr_getinheritsched(attr, &i); if (s != 0) handle_error_en(s, "pthread_attr_getinheritsched"); printf("%sInherit scheduler = %s\n", prefix, (i == PTHREAD_INHERIT_SCHED) ? "PTHREAD_INHERIT_SCHED" : (i == PTHREAD_EXPLICIT_SCHED) ? "PTHREAD_EXPLICIT_SCHED" : "???"); s = pthread_attr_getschedpolicy(attr, &i); if (s != 0) handle_error_en(s, "pthread_attr_getschedpolicy"); printf("%sScheduling policy = %s\n", prefix, (i == SCHED_OTHER) ? "SCHED_OTHER" : (i == SCHED_FIFO) ? "SCHED_FIFO" : (i == SCHED_RR) ? "SCHED_RR" : "???"); s = pthread_attr_getschedparam(attr, &sp); if (s != 0) handle_error_en(s, "pthread_attr_getschedparam"); printf("%sScheduling priority = %d\n", prefix, sp.sched_priority); s = pthread_attr_getguardsize(attr, &v); if (s != 0) handle_error_en(s, "pthread_attr_getguardsize"); printf("%sGuard size = %zu bytes\n", prefix, v); s = pthread_attr_getstack(attr, &stkaddr, &v); if (s != 0) handle_error_en(s, "pthread_attr_getstack"); printf("%sStack address = %p\n", prefix, stkaddr); printf("%sStack size = 0x%zx bytes\n", prefix, v); } static void * thread_start(void *arg) { int s; pthread_attr_t gattr; /* pthread_getattr_np() is a non-standard GNU extension that retrieves the attributes of the thread specified in its first argument */ s = pthread_getattr_np(pthread_self(), &gattr); if (s != 0) handle_error_en(s, "pthread_getattr_np"); printf("Thread attributes:\n"); display_pthread_attr(&gattr, "\t"); exit(EXIT_SUCCESS); /* Terminate all threads */ } int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { pthread_t thr; pthread_attr_t attr; pthread_attr_t *attrp; /* NULL or &attr */ int s; attrp = NULL; /* If a command-line argument was supplied, use it to set the stack-size attribute and set a few other thread attributes, and set attrp pointing to thread attributes object */ if (argc > 1) { int stack_size; void *sp; attrp = &attr; s = pthread_attr_init(&attr); if (s != 0) handle_error_en(s, "pthread_attr_init"); s = pthread_attr_setdetachstate(&attr, PTHREAD_CREATE_DETACHED); if (s != 0) handle_error_en(s, "pthread_attr_setdetachstate"); s = pthread_attr_setinheritsched(&attr, PTHREAD_EXPLICIT_SCHED); if (s != 0) handle_error_en(s, "pthread_attr_setinheritsched"); stack_size = strtoul(argv[1], NULL, 0); s = posix_memalign(&sp, sysconf(_SC_PAGESIZE), stack_size); if (s != 0) handle_error_en(s, "posix_memalign"); printf("posix_memalign() allocated at %p\n", sp); s = pthread_attr_setstack(&attr, sp, stack_size); if (s != 0) handle_error_en(s, "pthread_attr_setstack"); } s = pthread_create(&thr, attrp, &thread_start, NULL); if (s != 0) handle_error_en(s, "pthread_create"); if (attrp != NULL) { s = pthread_attr_destroy(attrp); if (s != 0) handle_error_en(s, "pthread_attr_destroy"); } pause(); /* Terminates when other thread calls exit() */ }
另外参见
pthread_attr_setaffinity_np(3),pthread_attr_setdetachstate(3),pthread_attr_setguardsize(3),pthread_attr_setinheritsched(3),pthread_attr_setschedparam(3),pthread_attr_setschedpolicycy(3),pthread_attr_set(堆栈)(3),pthread_attr_setset(3),pthread_attr_setset(3) pthread_create(3),pthread_getattr_np(3),pthread_setattr_default_np(3),pthreads(7)
出版信息
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