在本教程中，我们将介绍在Ubuntu 18.04/CentOS 7上安装ClickHouse的步骤。ClickHouse是一个免费的开源面向列的数据库管理系统，可实时生成分析数据报告。

ClickHouse是一个多平台，可以在具有x86_64 CPU架构的任何Linux，FreeBSD或者Mac OS X上运行。预编译的二进制软件包可用于更快，更干净的安装。

在Ubuntu 18.04上安装ClickHouse

对于Ubuntu用户，可以使用受支持的apt存储库。通过运行以下命令添加它。

echo "deb http://repo.yandex.ru/clickhouse/deb/stable/main/" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/clickhouse.list

导入GPG密钥：

$sudo apt-key adv --keyserver hkp://keyserver.ubuntu.com:80 --recv E0C56BD4

Executing: /tmp/apt-key-gpghome.t6IDTPxi7M/gpg.1.sh --keyserver hkp://keyserver.ubuntu.com:80 --recv E0C56BD4
gpg: key C8F1E19FE0C56BD4: public key "ClickHouse Repository Key theitroad@localhost" imported
gpg: Total number processed: 1
gpg:               imported: 1

然后运行以下命令来安装ClickHouse解析DBMS：

sudo apt update
sudo apt -y install dirmngr clickhouse-server clickhouse-client

ClickHouse配置文件位于/etc/clickhouse-server/config.xml中。

启动ClickHouse并将服务设置为在启动时启动。

$sudo systemctl enable  --now clickhouse-server.service
Synchronizing state of clickhouse-server.service with SysV service script with /lib/systemd/systemd-sysv-install.
Executing: /lib/systemd/systemd-sysv-install enable clickhouse-server

$sudo systemctl is-enabled clickhouse-server.service
 enabled

确认服务是否正在运行：

$systemctl status clickhouse-server.service 
 ● clickhouse-server.service - ClickHouse Server (analytic DBMS for big data)
    Loaded: loaded (/etc/systemd/system/clickhouse-server.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
    Active: active (running) since Mon 2019-03-25 21:45:58 CET; 1min 40s ago
  Main PID: 18406 (clickhouse-serv)
     Tasks: 35 (limit: 4583)
    CGroup: /system.slice/clickhouse-server.service
            └─18406 /usr/bin/clickhouse-server --config=/etc/clickhouse-server/config.xml
 Mar 25 21:45:58 ubuntu-4gb-nbg1-1 systemd[1]: Started ClickHouse Server (analytic DBMS for big data).
 Mar 25 21:45:58 ubuntu-4gb-nbg1-1 clickhouse-server[18406]: Include not found: clickhouse_remote_servers
 Mar 25 21:45:58 ubuntu-4gb-nbg1-1 clickhouse-server[18406]: Include not found: clickhouse_compression
 Mar 25 21:45:58 ubuntu-4gb-nbg1-1 clickhouse-server[18406]: Logging trace to /var/log/clickhouse-server/clickhouse-server.log
 Mar 25 21:45:58 ubuntu-4gb-nbg1-1 clickhouse-server[18406]: Logging errors to /var/log/clickhouse-server/clickhouse-server.err.log
 Mar 25 21:45:58 ubuntu-4gb-nbg1-1 clickhouse-server[18406]: Include not found: networks
 Mar 25 21:46:00 ubuntu-4gb-nbg1-1 clickhouse-server[18406]: Include not found: clickhouse_remote_servers
 Mar 25 21:46:00 ubuntu-4gb-nbg1-1 clickhouse-server[18406]: Include not found: clickhouse_compression

如果服务器无法启动，请在进行故障排除时检查/var/log/clickhouse-server /上的日志。

$ls /var/log/clickhouse-server/
clickhouse-server.err.log  clickhouse-server.log

在CentOS 7上安装ClickHouse

对于运行CentOS 7服务器的用户，我们可以通过packagecloud存储库执行脚本化安装。确保在系统上安装了curl。

sudo yum install -y curl

运行安装程序脚本以将Packagecloud存储库添加到CentOS 7服务器。

curl -s https://packagecloud.io/install/repositories/altinity/clickhouse/script.rpm.sh | sudo bash

确认ClickHouse软件包可用于安装。

$sudo yum list 'clickhouse*'

Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * base: mirror.alpix.eu
 * extras: mirror.ratiokontakt.de
 * updates: mirror.checkdomain.de
Available Packages
clickhouse-client.x86_64                                                  19.4.1.3-1.el7                                            Altinity_clickhouse
clickhouse-common-static.x86_64                                           19.4.1.3-1.el7                                            Altinity_clickhouse
clickhouse-compressor.x86_64                                              1.1.54336-3.el7                                           Altinity_clickhouse
clickhouse-debuginfo.x86_64                                               18.14.15-1.el7                                            Altinity_clickhouse
clickhouse-mysql.noarch                                                   0.0.20160319-1                                            Altinity_clickhouse
clickhouse-odbc.x86_64                                                    20160903-1                                                Altinity_clickhouse
clickhouse-server.x86_64                                                  19.4.1.3-1.el7                                            Altinity_clickhouse
clickhouse-server-common.x86_64                                           19.4.1.3-1.el7                                            Altinity_clickhouse
clickhouse-test.x86_64                                                    19.4.1.3-1.el7

现在安装ClickHouse服务器和客户端应用程序

sudo yum install -y clickhouse-server clickhouse-client

确认软件包已列出为已安装

sudo yum list installed 'clickhouse*'

确保ClickHouse服务器已启动，并设置为在服务器启动时启动。

$sudo systemctl start clickhouse-server
$sudo systemctl enable clickhouse-server
clickhouse-server.service is not a native service, redirecting to /sbin/chkconfig.
Executing /sbin/chkconfig clickhouse-server on

检查服务器现在是否正在运行。

$sudo systemctl status clickhouse-server
 ● clickhouse-server.service - LSB: Yandex clickhouse-server daemon
    Loaded: loaded (/etc/rc.d/init.d/clickhouse-server; bad; vendor preset: disabled)
    Active: active (running) since Mon 2019-03-25 22:07:22 CET; 1min 1s ago
      Docs: man:systemd-sysv-generator(8)
 Mar 25 22:07:21 centos-4gb-nbg1-1 systemd[1]: Starting LSB: Yandex clickhouse-server daemon…
 Mar 25 22:07:21 centos-4gb-nbg1-1 su[12427]: (to clickhouse) root on none
 Mar 25 22:07:21 centos-4gb-nbg1-1 clickhouse-server[12419]: Start clickhouse-server service: Path to data directory in /etc/clickhouse-server…khouse/
 Mar 25 22:07:21 centos-4gb-nbg1-1 su[12432]: (to clickhouse) root on none
 Mar 25 22:07:21 centos-4gb-nbg1-1 su[12434]: (to clickhouse) root on none
 Mar 25 22:07:21 centos-4gb-nbg1-1 su[12440]: (to clickhouse) root on none
 Mar 25 22:07:21 centos-4gb-nbg1-1 su[12445]: (to clickhouse) root on none
 Mar 25 22:07:22 centos-4gb-nbg1-1 clickhouse-server[12419]: DONE
 Mar 25 22:07:22 centos-4gb-nbg1-1 systemd[1]: Started LSB: Yandex clickhouse-server daemon.
 Hint: Some lines were ellipsized, use -l to show in full.

使用clickhouse-client连接到ClickHouse服务器

启动服务器后，我们可以使用命令行客户端连接到它：

$clickhouse-client

ClickHouse client version 19.4.1.3.
Connecting to localhost:9000 as user default.
Connected to ClickHouse server version 19.4.1 revision 54416.
ubuntu-server :)

默认情况下，它将以默认用户身份连接到localhost：9000，而无需输入密码。客户端也可以通过参数--host连接到远程服务器。

ubuntu-server :) SELECT 1

SELECT 1

┌─1─┐
│ 1 │
└───┘

1 rows in set. Elapsed: 0.008 sec. 

ubuntu-server :)

恭喜，我们已经在Ubuntu 18.04/CentOS 7上安装了有效的ClickHouse。首先，我建议我们阅读ClickHouse教程和ClickHouse文档。