Html IE11 使用 svg 作为背景图像失败
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原文地址: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/34225933/
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IE11 using svg as background-image fails
提问by Beri75
I'm facing a weird problem with Internet Explorer 11 running on Windows 10 machine. Using an SVG image as background thats appears totally black, Edge with the same code works fine.
我在 Windows 10 机器上运行 Internet Explorer 11 时遇到了一个奇怪的问题。使用 SVG 图像作为背景显示全黑，具有相同代码的 Edge 工作正常。
Here a little fiddle reproducing my problem
Using this, Edge renders SVG rightly, IE renders only a black image...and i can't understand such a different behaviour! Furthermore, on a Windows 7 machine IE11 works fine!
使用这个，Edge 可以正确呈现 SVG，IE 只呈现黑色图像……我无法理解这种不同的行为！此外，在 Windows 7 机器上 IE11 工作正常！
Some ideas? Thanks in advance guys!
一些想法？在此先感谢各位！
.icon-user-default {
width: 128px;
height: 128px;
background-image: url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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)
}<div class="icon-user-default">
</div>回答by Annia Martinez
Make sure to set background size width and height
确保设置背景大小宽度和高度
background-size: 80px 60px;
背景尺寸：80px 60px；
回答by Beri75
After digging into SVG file structure I found that problem concerns the SVG' styling properties.
在深入研究 SVG 文件结构后，我发现问题与 SVG 的样式属性有关。
Adobe Illustrator give me four options to declaring style sheet properties when saving graphics as an SVG file
在将图形另存为 SVG 文件时，Adobe Illustrator 为我提供了四个用于声明样式表属性的选项
- Presentation Attributes
- Style Attributes
- Style Attributes (Entity Reference)
- Style Elements
- 演示属性
- 样式属性
- 样式属性（实体参考）
- 样式元素
Accordingly to W3C specs regarding SVG1.1' Styling
No problem using the first three ways to styling properties, but embedding style sheets into SVG content inside a <style>element cause the problem!
使用前三种方式设置属性样式没有问题，但是将样式表嵌入到<style>元素内的 SVG 内容会导致问题！
Here my final fiddle test results
<div class="icon-user-default-css1"></div>
<div class="icon-user-default-css2"></div>
<div class="icon-user-default-css3"></div>
<div class="icon-user-default-css4"></div>
I hope will be of help to someone...
我希望能对某人有所帮助...
回答by Jonathan
If, like me, you have inlineSVG in your background
如果像我一样，您的背景中有内联SVG
(e.g. <svg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'...></svg>)
（例如<svg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'...></svg>）
You will want to make sure your encoding is charset=utf8(e.g. url(data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf8,)
您将要确保您的编码是charset=utf8（例如url(data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf8,）
Also ensure that reserved URL charactersare encoded (e.g. <=== %3Cand >=== %3E) andyou use single quotes 'around attributes.
还要确保对保留的 URL 字符进行编码（例如<===%3C和>=== %3E），并且'在属性周围使用单引号。
回答by brennanyoung
I had this problem too.
我也有这个问题。
In my case, changing the "styling" setting didn't help, but unchecking the "responsive" checkbox in the Illustrator SVG export dialog did, even with an internal CSS element in the SVG.
就我而言，更改“样式”设置没有帮助，但取消选中 Illustrator SVG 导出对话框中的“响应式”复选框，即使 SVG 中有内部 CSS 元素也是如此。
The difference is that the SVG element needs a width and height attribute.
不同之处在于SVG 元素需要一个 width 和 height 属性。
These attributes are absent when you check the "responsive" checkbox in the Illustrator SVG export dialog. If that's really all it does, then it's poorly named, I think.
当您选中 Illustrator SVG 导出对话框中的“响应式”复选框时，这些属性不存在。如果这真的是它所做的一切，那么我认为它的名字很糟糕。
If you're using inkscape, or some other tool to make your SVGs, I am sure your observations, when added here, would be of value.
如果您正在使用inkscape 或其他一些工具来制作您的SVG，我相信您的观察，当添加到这里时，会很有价值。
So, if you want SVG background images in CSS to work properly in IE, make sure the root element of the SVG has a width and height attribute. (e.g. by unchecking the "responsive" checkbox in AI).
因此，如果您希望 CSS 中的 SVG 背景图像在 IE 中正常工作，请确保 SVG 的根元素具有 width 和 height 属性。（例如，通过取消选中 AI 中的“响应”复选框）。
The width and height attribute do nothave to be the correct display size (which may change anyway, via the CSS background-size property), but they dohave to be the correct aspect ratio.
宽度和高度属性不必须是正确的显示大小（其可以无论如何变化，经由CSS背景-size属性），但它们都必须是正确的纵横比。
If you are hand-coding the SVG markup, and the first two values for viewbox are zero, then you can just use the last two values for width and height respectively. e.g.
如果您手动编码 SVG 标记，并且 viewbox 的前两个值为零，那么您可以分别使用后两个值作为宽度和高度。例如
<svg
id="Layer_1"
data-name="Layer 1"
xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"
width="298.2"
height="108.8"
viewBox="0 0 298.2 108.8">
