FreeBSD查找所有已安装的硬盘大小信息
时间:2020-01-09 10:38:32 来源:igfitidea点击:
如何在FreeBSD操作系统下找到所有已安装的硬盘驱动器名称,而无需重新启动服务器?
在FreeBSD中,如何在Linux中使用等同于fdisk -l
的硬盘来列出所有硬盘驱动器?
如何在FreeBSD中找到硬盘大小?
在FreeBSD下查找检测到的硬件信息的最简单方法是通过/var/run/dmesg.boot
文件。
此文件通常是在启动时挂载文件系统后不久获取的缓冲区内容的快照。
直到系统重启,它才被修改。
与Linux一样,FreeBSD遵循某种物理磁盘命名约定:
- IDE硬盘名称以" ad" /第一个IDE硬盘/dev/ad0开头,第二个/dev/ad1硬盘开头,依此类推。
- SATA/SSD(ATA直接访问设备驱动程序)磁盘名称以" ad"/dev/ada,/dev/sdb等开头。
- SCSI硬盘名称以
da
开头 /dev/da* - IDE CDROM/RW/DVD名称以
acd
开头 /dev/acd* - SCSI CDROM/RW/DVD名称以
cd
开头 /dev/cd*
列出FreeBSD中所有检测到的硬盘/cdrom/SSD
输入以下grep命令,执行:
# egrep 'da[0-9]|cd[0-9]' /var/run/dmesg.boot
或者
# egrep 'ad[0-9]|cd[0-9]' /var/run/dmesg.boot
输出示例:
acd0: DVDROM at ata0-slave UDMA33 ad4: 239372MB at ata2-master SATA150 ad6: 239372MB at ata3-master SATA150 Trying to mount root from ufs:/dev/ad4s1a
从上面的输出中可以明显看出,我的FreeBSD服务器上安装了以下存储:
- ad4:我的第一个硬盘连接到ATA通道2
- ad6:我的第二块硬盘连接到ATA通道3
acd0
:我的DVD ROM
geom实用程序
尝试显示有关使用geom的磁盘的详细信息:
# geom disk list # geom disk list ada5 # geom disk list ada2
输出示例:
Geom name: ada2 Providers: 1. Name: ada2 Mediasize: 64023257088 (60G) Sectorsize: 512 Stripesize: 4096 Stripeoffset: 0 Mode: r0w0e0 descr: SanDisk SD6SB1M064G1022I lunid: 5001b44e71f4a5a6 ident: 152041400742 rotationrate: 0 fwsectors: 63 fwheads: 16
您可以使用egrep命令/grep命令过滤掉信息:
# geom disk list ada3 | grep Mediasize
输出示例
Mediasize: 6001175126016 (5.5T)
atacontrol命令(对于较旧的FreeBSD版本)
atacontrol实用程序是一个控制程序,可为用户提供对FreeBSD ata(IDE/SATA硬盘)子系统的访问和控制。
使用CAM的FreeBSD设备列表
如何列出当前分区信息?
使用以下命令:
# gpart show
输出示例:
=> 34 31277165 ada3 GPT (14G) 34 1024 1 bios-boot (512k) 1058 6 - free - (3.0k) 1064 31275184 2 freebsd-zfs (14G) 31276248 951 - free - (475k) => 34 11721045101 ada0 GPT (5.5T) 34 94 - free - (47k) 128 4194304 1 freebsd-swap (2.0G) 4194432 11716850696 2 freebsd-zfs (5.5T) 11721045128 7 - free - (3.5k) => 34 11721045101 ada1 GPT (5.5T) 34 94 - free - (47k) 128 4194304 1 freebsd-swap (2.0G) 4194432 11716850696 2 freebsd-zfs (5.5T) 11721045128 7 - free - (3.5k) => 34 11721045101 ada5 GPT (5.5T) 34 94 - free - (47k) 128 4194304 1 freebsd-swap (2.0G) 4194432 11716850696 2 freebsd-zfs (5.5T) 11721045128 7 - free - (3.5k) => 34 11721045101 ada6 GPT (5.5T) 34 94 - free - (47k) 128 4194304 1 freebsd-swap (2.0G) 4194432 11716850696 2 freebsd-zfs (5.5T) 11721045128 7 - free - (3.5k) => 34 234441581 ada4 GPT (111G) 34 94 - free - (47k) 128 234441480 1 freebsd-zfs (111G) 234441608 7 - free - (3.5k) => 34 125045357 ada2 GPT (59G) 34 94 - free - (47k) 128 125045256 1 freebsd-zfs (59G) 125045384 7 - free - (3.5k)
使用GEOM探测磁盘
执行以下命令(源):
## this run script using sh ## sh -c '. /usr/share/bsdconfig/device.subr;f_device_menu "" "" "" DISK'
用于列出和检测FreeBSD服务器磁盘的shell脚本
创建一个名为showdisk的shell脚本,如下所示:
#!/bin/sh # Name: showdisk # Author: FrauBSD #---------------------------------------- . /usr/share/bsdconfig/device.subr || exit [ "$( id -u )" -eq 0 ] && WITH_CAMCONTROL=1 while :; do info="gpart(8) show %s:\n%s\n\n" disk= gpart= inquiry= identify= device=$( msg_cancel=Done f_device_menu "$DIALOG_TITLE" \ "Select a disk device" "$hline_arrows_tab_enter" \ $DEVICE_TYPE_DISK 2>&1 ) || break $device get name disk gpart=$( gpart show $disk 2>&1 ) if [ "$WITH_CAMCONTROL" ]; then inquiry=$( camcontrol inquiry $disk 2>&1 ) identify=$( camcontrol identify $disk 2>&1 ) else info="${info}WARNING! Must be root to use camcontrol(8)!\n" fi [ "$inquiry" ] && info="${info}camcontrol(8) inquiry $disk:\n%s\n\n" [ "$identify" ] && info="${info}camcontrol(8) identify $disk:\n%s\n" f_show_msg "$info" "$disk" "$gpart" \ ${inquiry:+"$inquiry"} ${identify:+"$identify"} done
接下来,在FreeBSD中执行shell脚本:
chmod +x showdisk ./showdisk
列出FreeBSD中所有已连接的SSD和硬盘设备
FreeBSD打印附带的磁盘大小
运行diskinfo命令:
diskinfo -v disk_name diskinfo -v ada4 diskinfo -v ada1
输出示例:
ada1 512 # sectorsize 6001175126016 # mediasize in bytes (5.5T) 11721045168 # mediasize in sectors 4096 # stripesize 0 # stripeoffset 11628021 # Cylinders according to firmware. 16 # Heads according to firmware. 63 # Sectors according to firmware. HGST HDN726060ALE614 # Disk descr. K1JVDUGD # Disk ident. No # TRIM/UNMAP support 7200 # Rotation rate in RPM Not_Zoned # Zone Mode
lsblk命令
让我们如下安装lsblk命令:
sudo pkg install lsblk
输出示例:
Updating FreeBSD repository catalogue... FreeBSD repository is up to date. All repositories are up to date. The following 1 package(s) will be affected (of 0 checked): New packages to be INSTALLED: lsblk: 1.0 Number of packages to be installed: 1 5 KiB to be downloaded. Proceed with this action? [y/N]: y [1/1] Fetching lsblk-1.0.txz: 100% 5 KiB 4.9kB/s 00:01 Checking integrity... done (0 conflicting) [1/1] Installing lsblk-1.0... [1/1] Extracting lsblk-1.0: 100%
如下运行:
lsblk ## get a list of actual disks ## sysctl kern.disks ## find info about the ada0 disk ## lsblk da0