PTHREAD_GETATTR_NP - Linux手册页
Linux程序员手册 第3部分
更新日期: 2020-06-09
名称
pthread_getattr_np-获取已创建线程的属性
语法
#define _GNU_SOURCE /* See feature_test_macros(7) */ #include <pthread.h> int pthread_getattr_np(pthread_t thread, pthread_attr_t *attr); Compile and link with -pthread.
说明
pthread_getattr_np()函数初始化attr引用的线程属性对象,以便它包含描述正在运行的线程的实际属性值。
返回的属性值可能与在使用pthread_create(3)创建线程的attr对象中传递的相应属性值不同。特别是,以下属性可能有所不同:
- *
- 分离状态,因为可连接线程在创建后可能已经脱离了自身;
- *
- 堆栈大小,实现可将其对齐到合适的边界。
- *
- 和保护大小,如果应用程序正在分配自己的堆栈,则实现可以向上舍入为页面大小的倍数,或者忽略(即视为0)。
此外,如果未在用于创建线程的线程属性对象中设置堆栈地址属性,则返回的线程属性对象将报告实现为该线程选择的实际堆栈地址。
当不再需要pthread_getattr_np()返回的线程属性对象时,应使用pthread_attr_destroy(3)销毁该对象。
返回值
成功时,此函数返回0;否则,返回0。如果出错,则返回非零错误号。
错误说明
- ENOMEM
- 内存不足。
另外,如果线程引用了主线程,则pthread_getattr_np()可能由于各种基础调用的错误而失败:fopen(3),如果无法打开/ proc / self / maps;则fopen(3)。和getrlimit(2)(如果不支持RLIMIT_STACK资源限制)。
版本
从2.2.3版开始,此功能在glibc中可用。
属性
有关本节中使用的术语的说明,请参见attribute(7)。
Interface | Attribute | Value |
pthread_getattr_np() | Thread safety | MT-Safe |
遵循规范
此函数是非标准的GNU扩展;因此名称中的后缀" _np"(不可移植)。
示例
下面的程序演示了pthread_getattr_np()的用法。该程序创建一个线程,然后使用pthread_getattr_np()检索并显示其保护大小,堆栈地址和堆栈大小属性。创建线程时,可以使用命令行参数将这些属性设置为默认值以外的值。下面的shell会话演示了该程序的用法。
在x86-32系统上的第一次运行中,使用默认属性创建线程:
$ ulimit -s # No stack limit ==> default stack size is 2 MB unlimited $ ./a.out Attributes of created thread: Guard size = 4096 bytes Stack address = 0x40196000 (EOS = 0x40397000) Stack size = 0x201000 (2101248) bytes
在下面的运行中,我们看到如果指定了防护大小,则将其舍入为系统页面大小的下一个倍数(x86-32上为4096字节):
$ ./a.out -g 4097 Thread attributes object after initializations: Guard size = 4097 bytes Stack address = (nil) Stack size = 0x0 (0) bytes Attributes of created thread: Guard size = 8192 bytes Stack address = 0x40196000 (EOS = 0x40397000) Stack size = 0x201000 (2101248) bytes
在上一次运行中,程序为线程手动分配堆栈。在这种情况下,保护大小属性将被忽略。
$ ./a.out -g 4096 -s 0x8000 -a Allocated thread stack at 0x804d000 Thread attributes object after initializations: Guard size = 4096 bytes Stack address = 0x804d000 (EOS = 0x8055000) Stack size = 0x8000 (32768) bytes Attributes of created thread: Guard size = 0 bytes Stack address = 0x804d000 (EOS = 0x8055000) Stack size = 0x8000 (32768) bytes
Program source
#define _GNU_SOURCE /* To get pthread_getattr_np() declaration */ #include <pthread.h> #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <unistd.h> #include <errno.h> #define handle_error_en(en, msg) \ do { errno = en; perror(msg); exit(EXIT_FAILURE); } while (0) static void display_stack_related_attributes(pthread_attr_t *attr, char *prefix) { int s; size_t stack_size, guard_size; void *stack_addr; s = pthread_attr_getguardsize(attr, &guard_size); if (s != 0) handle_error_en(s, "pthread_attr_getguardsize"); printf("%sGuard size = %d bytes\n", prefix, guard_size); s = pthread_attr_getstack(attr, &stack_addr, &stack_size); if (s != 0) handle_error_en(s, "pthread_attr_getstack"); printf("%sStack address = %p", prefix, stack_addr); if (stack_size > 0) printf(" (EOS = %p)", (char *) stack_addr + stack_size); printf("\n"); printf("%sStack size = 0x%x (%d) bytes\n", prefix, stack_size, stack_size); } static void display_thread_attributes(pthread_t thread, char *prefix) { int s; pthread_attr_t attr; s = pthread_getattr_np(thread, &attr); if (s != 0) handle_error_en(s, "pthread_getattr_np"); display_stack_related_attributes(&attr, prefix); s = pthread_attr_destroy(&attr); if (s != 0) handle_error_en(s, "pthread_attr_destroy"); } static void * /* Start function for thread we create */ thread_start(void *arg) { printf("Attributes of created thread:\n"); display_thread_attributes(pthread_self(), "\t"); exit(EXIT_SUCCESS); /* Terminate all threads */ } static void usage(char *pname, char *msg) { if (msg != NULL) fputs(msg, stderr); fprintf(stderr, "Usage: %s [-s stack-size [-a]]" " [-g guard-size]\n", pname); fprintf(stderr, "\t\t-a means program should allocate stack\n"); exit(EXIT_FAILURE); } static pthread_attr_t * /* Get thread attributes from command line */ get_thread_attributes_from_cl(int argc, char *argv[], pthread_attr_t *attrp) { int s, opt, allocate_stack; long stack_size, guard_size; void *stack_addr; pthread_attr_t *ret_attrp = NULL; /* Set to attrp if we initialize a thread attributes object */ allocate_stack = 0; stack_size = -1; guard_size = -1; while ((opt = getopt(argc, argv, "ag:s:")) != -1) { switch (opt) { case aqaaq: allocate_stack = 1; break; case aqgaq: guard_size = strtoul(optarg, NULL, 0); break; case aqsaq: stack_size = strtoul(optarg, NULL, 0); break; default: usage(argv[0], NULL); } } if (allocate_stack && stack_size == -1) usage(argv[0], "Specifying -a without -s makes no sense\n"); if (argc > optind) usage(argv[0], "Extraneous command-line arguments\n"); if (stack_size >= 0 || guard_size > 0) { ret_attrp = attrp; s = pthread_attr_init(attrp); if (s != 0) handle_error_en(s, "pthread_attr_init"); } if (stack_size >= 0) { if (!allocate_stack) { s = pthread_attr_setstacksize(attrp, stack_size); if (s != 0) handle_error_en(s, "pthread_attr_setstacksize"); } else { s = posix_memalign(&stack_addr, sysconf(_SC_PAGESIZE), stack_size); if (s != 0) handle_error_en(s, "posix_memalign"); printf("Allocated thread stack at %p\n\n", stack_addr); s = pthread_attr_setstack(attrp, stack_addr, stack_size); if (s != 0) handle_error_en(s, "pthread_attr_setstacksize"); } } if (guard_size >= 0) { s = pthread_attr_setguardsize(attrp, guard_size); if (s != 0) handle_error_en(s, "pthread_attr_setstacksize"); } return ret_attrp; } int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { int s; pthread_t thr; pthread_attr_t attr; pthread_attr_t *attrp = NULL; /* Set to &attr if we initialize a thread attributes object */ attrp = get_thread_attributes_from_cl(argc, argv, &attr); if (attrp != NULL) { printf("Thread attributes object after initializations:\n"); display_stack_related_attributes(attrp, "\t"); printf("\n"); } s = pthread_create(&thr, attrp, &thread_start, NULL); if (s != 0) handle_error_en(s, "pthread_create"); if (attrp != NULL) { s = pthread_attr_destroy(attrp); if (s != 0) handle_error_en(s, "pthread_attr_destroy"); } pause(); /* Terminates when other thread calls exit() */ }
另外参见
pthread_attr_getaffinity_np(3),pthread_attr_getdetachstate(3),pthread_attr_getguardsize(3),pthread_attr_getinheritsched(3),pthread_attr_getschedparam(3),pthread_attr_getschedpolicycy(3),pthread_attr_getr(get)() pthread_attr_init(3),pthread_create(3),pthreads(7)
出版信息
这个页面是Linux手册页项目5.08版的一部分。有关项目的说明、有关报告错误的信息以及此页面的最新版本,请访问https://www.kernel.org/doc/man-pages/。