删除FreeBSD软件包中不需要的/未使用的依赖项
时间：2020-01-09 10:39:36 来源:igfitidea点击:
我使用pkg remove foo命令删除了一个软件包。
但是，它剩下30多个依赖项。
这些依赖关系是FreeBSD Unix系统上任何其他软件包都不需要的，只是占用了我的硬盘空间。
如何删除FreeBSD 11.x服务器中不需要的或未使用的依赖项？
您需要将autoremove选项传递给pkg命令以删除孤立包，这些孤立包是在依赖关系解析期间安装的，不再需要。
软件依赖性不过是软件依赖于另一种。
例如，bash包取决于Readline库。
GNU Readline库提供了一组供应用程序使用的功能，这些功能允许用户在执行命令时编辑命令行。
因此，在FreeBSD中添加bash shell时，也会安装GNU Readline。
该快速教程介绍了如何在FreeBSD系统上删除孤立的软件包。
语法使用pkg删除FreeBSD中未使用的依赖项
语法是
pkg autoremove pkg -n autoremove pkg -y autoremove
其中：
- -n或
--dry-run：空运行模式。软件包的更改列表始终会打印，但实际上不会进行更改。 - -y：在自动删除软件包之前要求确认时，假定为是。
- -q：不要显示太多信息，即在屏幕上强制输出。
在FreeBSD中删除未使用的依赖项的示例
执行以下命令：
# pkg autoremove
或者
$ sudo pkg autoremove
输出示例：
Password: Checking integrity... done (0 conflicting) Deinstallation has been requested for the following 33 packages: Installed packages to be REMOVED: curl-7.56.0 libgit2-0.25.1_1 py36-pygit2-0.25.1 ca_root_nss-3.32.1 python36-3.6.2_1 py36-setuptools-36.2.2 py36-pycparser-2.10 py36-cffi-1.7.0 py36-cryptography-2.0.3 py36-openssl-17.3.0 py36-urllib3-1.22 py36-requests-2.18.1_1 py36-idna-2.5 py36-six-1.11.0 py36-pyasn1-0.2.2 py36-pysocks-1.6.7 py36-chardet-3.0.4 py36-certifi-2016.7.27.1 py36-humanfriendly-4.4.1 py36-coloredlogs-7.3 py36-texttable-0.9.1 py36-tqdm-4.18.0 py36-verboselogs-1.6 py36-pytest-runner-2.11.1 py36-libzfs-1.0.20160814 py36-click-6.7 python3-3_3 libffi-3.2.1_1 libnghttp2-1.26.0 libssh2-1.8.0,3 uclcmd-0.1_2 libucl-0.8.0 readline-7.0.3 Number of packages to be removed: 33 The operation will free 134 MiB. Proceed with deinstalling packages? [y/N]: y [1/33] Deinstalling py36-requests-2.18.1_1... [1/33] Deleting files for py36-requests-2.18.1_1: 100% [2/33] Deinstalling py36-urllib3-1.22... [2/33] Deleting files for py36-urllib3-1.22: 100% [3/33] Deinstalling py36-openssl-17.3.0... [3/33] Deleting files for py36-openssl-17.3.0: 100% [4/33] Deinstalling py36-pygit2-0.25.1... [4/33] Deleting files for py36-pygit2-0.25.1: 100% [5/33] Deinstalling py36-cryptography-2.0.3... [5/33] Deleting files for py36-cryptography-2.0.3: 100% [6/33] Deinstalling py36-cffi-1.7.0... [6/33] Deleting files for py36-cffi-1.7.0: 100% [7/33] Deinstalling py36-coloredlogs-7.3... [7/33] Deleting files for py36-coloredlogs-7.3: 100% [8/33] Deinstalling py36-pycparser-2.10... [8/33] Deleting files for py36-pycparser-2.10: 100% [9/33] Deinstalling py36-idna-2.5... [9/33] Deleting files for py36-idna-2.5: 100% [10/33] Deinstalling py36-six-1.11.0... [10/33] Deleting files for py36-six-1.11.0: 100% [11/33] Deinstalling py36-pyasn1-0.2.2... [11/33] Deleting files for py36-pyasn1-0.2.2: 100% [12/33] Deinstalling py36-pysocks-1.6.7... [12/33] Deleting files for py36-pysocks-1.6.7: 100% [13/33] Deinstalling py36-chardet-3.0.4... [13/33] Deleting files for py36-chardet-3.0.4: 100% [14/33] Deinstalling py36-certifi-2016.7.27.1... [14/33] Deleting files for py36-certifi-2016.7.27.1: 100% [15/33] Deinstalling py36-humanfriendly-4.4.1... [15/33] Deleting files for py36-humanfriendly-4.4.1: 100% [16/33] Deinstalling py36-texttable-0.9.1... [16/33] Deleting files for py36-texttable-0.9.1: 100% [17/33] Deinstalling py36-tqdm-4.18.0... [17/33] Deleting files for py36-tqdm-4.18.0: 100% [18/33] Deinstalling py36-verboselogs-1.6... [18/33] Deleting files for py36-verboselogs-1.6: 100% [19/33] Deinstalling py36-pytest-runner-2.11.1... [19/33] Deleting files for py36-pytest-runner-2.11.1: 100% [20/33] Deinstalling py36-libzfs-1.0.20160814... [20/33] Deleting files for py36-libzfs-1.0.20160814: 100% [21/33] Deinstalling py36-click-6.7... [21/33] Deleting files for py36-click-6.7: 100% [22/33] Deinstalling libgit2-0.25.1_1... [22/33] Deleting files for libgit2-0.25.1_1: 100% [23/33] Deinstalling py36-setuptools-36.2.2... [23/33] Deleting files for py36-setuptools-36.2.2: 100% [24/33] Deinstalling python3-3_3... [24/33] Deleting files for python3-3_3: 100% [25/33] Deinstalling curl-7.56.0... [25/33] Deleting files for curl-7.56.0: 100% [26/33] Deinstalling python36-3.6.2_1... [26/33] Deleting files for python36-3.6.2_1: 100% [27/33] Deinstalling uclcmd-0.1_2... [27/33] Deleting files for uclcmd-0.1_2: 100% [28/33] Deinstalling ca_root_nss-3.32.1... [28/33] Deleting files for ca_root_nss-3.32.1: 100% [29/33] Deinstalling libffi-3.2.1_1... [29/33] Deleting files for libffi-3.2.1_1: 100% [30/33] Deinstalling libnghttp2-1.26.0... [30/33] Deleting files for libnghttp2-1.26.0: 100% [31/33] Deinstalling libssh2-1.8.0,3... [31/33] Deleting files for libssh2-1.8.0,3: 100% [32/33] Deinstalling libucl-0.8.0... [32/33] Deleting files for libucl-0.8.0: 100% [33/33] Deinstalling readline-7.0.3... [33/33] Deleting files for readline-7.0.3: 100%
如何使用pkg命令删除FreeBSD中未使用的依赖项
在此示例中，我将删除名为py36-iocage-0.9.10的软件包：
# pkg remove py36-iocage-0.9.10
输出示例：
Checking integrity... done (0 conflicting) Deinstallation has been requested for the following 1 packages (of 0 packages in the universe): Installed packages to be REMOVED: py36-iocage-0.9.10 Number of packages to be removed: 1 Proceed with deinstalling packages? [y/N]: y [1/1] Deinstalling py36-iocage-0.9.10... [1/1] Deleting files for py36-iocage-0.9.10: 100%
接下来，我将通过执行以下pkg命令来删除孤立包：
# pkg autoremove -y
会话示例：
Checking integrity... done (0 conflicting) Deinstallation has been requested for the following 22 packages: Installed packages to be REMOVED: py36-cryptography-2.1.4 py36-openssl-17.5.0_1 py36-urllib3-1.22 py36-requests-2.18.4 py36-asn1crypto-0.22.0 py36-certifi-2016.1.18 py36-cffi-1.11.2 py36-chardet-3.0.4 py36-click-6.7 py36-coloredlogs-9.0 py36-dulwich-0.15.0 py36-humanfriendly-4.9 py36-idna-2.6 py36-libzfs-1.0.20161215 py36-pycparser-2.18 py36-pysocks-1.6.8 py36-pytest-runner-2.11.1 py36-six-1.11.0 py36-texttable-1.2.1 py36-tqdm-4.19.6 py36-setuptools-39.0.1 python36-3.6.4 Number of packages to be removed: 22 The operation will free 126 MiB. Proceed with deinstalling packages? [y/N]: y [1/22] Deinstalling py36-requests-2.18.4... [1/22] Deleting files for py36-requests-2.18.4: 100% [2/22] Deinstalling py36-urllib3-1.22... ... ..... .. [20/22] Deleting files for py36-tqdm-4.19.6: 100% [21/22] Deinstalling py36-setuptools-39.0.1... [21/22] Deleting files for py36-setuptools-39.0.1: 100% [22/22] Deinstalling python36-3.6.4... [22/22] Deleting files for python36-3.6.4: 100%
上面的命令将帮助您释放服务器上的磁盘空间。
