本文旨在引导我们完成在Linux系统上获得运行Openshift OKD环境的最简单方法。

在之前的教程中，我们介绍了在Ubuntu上安装Openshift Container平台。这里，我们将重点介绍在任何Linux系统上运行Local Openshift集群的通用方法。

什么是Minishift？

Minishift是一种开源工具，可在VM内部本地运行单节点OpenShift集群。我们可以在本地主机上尝试OpenShift或者每天进行开发。

Minishift要求管理程序启动在其上配置了OpenShift群集的虚拟机。我们将在安装Minishift之前先安装我们选择的管理程序。

安装Hypervisor

对于Linux用户，常见的管理程序选择是KVM和VirtualBox。查看以下教程：

如何在Fedora，Kali Linux，Linux Mint，Ubuntu 18.04/16.04/Debian 9上安装VirtualBox

如何在RHEL/CentOS 8，Fedora，Arch Linux，CentOS，Ubuntu/Debian，SLES上安装KVM

设置Minishift虚拟机监控程序驱动程序

Minishift嵌入了VirtualBox驱动程序插件，因此无需其他步骤即可对其进行配置。但是，KVM用户需要手动安装驱动程序插件。

安装KVM驱动程序(对于KVM用户)

对于Ubuntu/Debian

sudo usermod -a -G libvirt $(whoami)
newgrp libvirt || newgrp libvirtd
curl -L https://github.com/dhiltgen/docker-machine-kvm/releases/download/v0.10.0/docker-machine-driver-kvm-ubuntu16.04 -o docker-machine-driver-kvm
sudo mv docker-machine-driver-kvm /usr/local/bin/docker-machine-driver-kvm
sudo chmod +x /usr/local/bin/docker-machine-driver-kvm

对于Fedora/CentOS

sudo usermod -a -G libvirtd $(whoami)
newgrp libvirt
curl -L https://github.com/dhiltgen/docker-machine-kvm/releases/download/v0.10.0/docker-machine-driver-kvm-centos7 -o docker-machine-driver-kvm
sudo mv docker-machine-driver-kvm /usr/local/bin/docker-machine-driver-kvm
sudo chmod +x /usr/local/bin/docker-machine-driver-kvm

对于Arch Linux/Manjaro

sudo usermod -a -G kvm,libvirt $(whoami)
sudo sed -ri 's/.?group\s?=\s?".+"/group = "kvm"/1' /etc/libvirt/qemu.conf
newgrp libvirt
curl -L https://github.com/dhiltgen/docker-machine-kvm/releases/download/v0.10.0/docker-machine-driver-kvm-centos7 -o docker-machine-driver-kvm
sudo mv docker-machine-driver-kvm /usr/local/bin/docker-machine-driver-kvm
chmod +x /usr/local/bin/docker-machine-driver-kvm

启动默认的KVM网络。

sudo virsh net-start default
sudo virsh net-autostart default

安装Minishift

从" Minishift版本"页面下载适用于操作系统的存档，然后解压缩其内容。

export VER="1.34.1"
curl -L https://github.com/minishift/minishift/releases/download/v$VER/minishift-$VER-linux-amd64.tgz -o minishift-$VER-linux-amd64.tgz
tar xvf minishift-$VER-linux-amd64.tgz

将minishift二进制文件添加到$PATH环境变量中。

sudo mv minishift-$VER-linux-amd64/minishift /usr/local/bin

确认安装。

$minishift version
minishift v1.34.1+c2ff9cb

启动Minishift

我们已经安装了所有必需的依赖项，并准备使用Minishift启动单个节点Openshift集群。请注意，此集群针对开发工作流程进行了优化。

以下步骤描述了如何在具有KVM虚拟机管理程序驱动程序的Linux操作系统上使用Minishift。

1 ..运行minishift start命令：

$minishift start

这将进行大量检查，然后为Minishift VM提供以下配置：内存：4 GB vCPU：2磁盘大小：20 GB

输出示例：

-- Starting Minishift VM .................. OK
-- Checking for IP address ... OK
-- Checking for nameservers ... OK
-- Checking if external host is reachable from the Minishift VM ... 
   Pinging 8.8.8.8 ... OK
-- Checking HTTP connectivity from the VM ... 
   Retrieving http://minishift.io/index.html ... OK
-- Checking if persistent storage volume is mounted ... OK
-- Checking available disk space ... 1% used OK
-- Writing current configuration for static assignment of IP address ... WARN
   Importing 'openshift/origin-control-plane:v3.11.0'  CACHE MISS
   Importing 'openshift/origin-docker-registry:v3.11.0'  CACHE MISS
   Importing 'openshift/origin-haproxy-router:v3.11.0'  CACHE MISS
-- OpenShift cluster will be configured with ...
   Version: v3.11.0
-- Pulling the OpenShift Container Image ................................................ OK
-- Copying oc binary from the OpenShift container image to VM ... OK
-- Starting OpenShift cluster .........................................................................................
Getting a Docker client ...
Checking if image openshift/origin-control-plane:v3.11.0 is available ...
Pulling image openshift/origin-cli:v3.11.0
..........................................
Login to server ...
Creating initial project "myproject" ...
Server Information ...
OpenShift server started.

The server is accessible via web console at:
    https://192.168.42.106:8443/console

You are logged in as:
    User:     developer
    Password: <any value>

To login as administrator:
    oc login -u system:admin

-- Exporting of OpenShift images is occuring in background process with pid 11207.

如果我们正在运行VirtualBox，则在启动Minishift VM时使用--vm-driver virtualbox标志。

$minishift start --vm-driver virtualbox

要进行持久配置，以便我们运行minishift start而不每次都显式传递vm-driver virtualbox标志，请运行：

$minishift config set vm-driver virtualbox

IP是为每个OpenShift集群动态生成的。要检查IP，请运行minishift ip命令。

访问Openshift

我们可以从Web控制台或者CLI访问新部署的Openshift群集。要从Web控制台访问，请使用群集启动后显示的URL。

The server is accessible via web console at:
    https://192.168.42.106:8443/console

启动Minishift后，可以在shell程序中运行以下命令以获取Web控制台的URL：

$minishift console --url
https://192.168.42.106:8443/console

或者，启动Minishift后，可以使用以下命令在浏览器中直接打开控制台：

$minishift console
Opening the OpenShift Web console in the default browser…
 [16398:16398:0416/224729.206639:ERROR:sandbox_linux.cc(364)] InitializeSandbox() called with multiple threads in process gpu-process.
 [16359:16381:0416/224729.313961:ERROR:browser_process_sub_thread.cc(209)] Waited 5 ms for network service
 Opening in existing browser session.

要以管理员身份登录，请使用：

Username: system
Password: admin

要从CLI运行Openshift，请继续执行。

安装OpenShift Client Binary(oc)

minishift start命令创建一个OpenShift集群并将oc二进制文件复制到主机上。该二进制文件位于~/.minishift/cache/oc/v(VER)目录中。我们需要将其复制到/usr/local/bin中，以供所有用户访问。

sudo cp ~/.minishift/cache/oc/v3.11.0/linux/oc /usr/local/bin

或者，我们可以使用minishift oc-env将此二进制文件添加到PATH中，该文件显示我们需要在shell中执行的命令。

$minishift oc-env
export PATH="/home/jmutai/.minishift/cache/oc/v3.11.0/linux:$PATH"

# Run this command to configure your shell:
# eval $(minishift oc-env)

检查它是否正常工作。

$oc version
oc v3.11.0+0cbc58b
kubernetes v1.11.0+d4cacc0
features: Basic-Auth GSSAPI Kerberos SPNEGO
Server https://192.168.42.106:8443
kubernetes v1.11.0+d4cacc0

这将告诉我们服务器的IP地址和端口。要以管理员身份登录，请使用系统帐户：

$oc login -u system:admin
Logged into "https://192.168.42.106:8443" as "system:admin" using existing credentials.
 You have access to the following projects and can switch between them with 'oc project ':
 default kube-dns kube-proxy kube-public kube-system
 myproject
 openshift
 openshift-apiserver
 openshift-controller-manager
 openshift-core-operators
 openshift-infra
 openshift-node
 openshift-service-cert-signer
 openshift-web-console 
 Using project "myproject".

用于访问的客户端证书存储在~/.kube/config中

要查看可用的登录上下文，请运行：

$oc config view
 apiVersion: v1
 clusters:
 cluster:
 certificate-authority-data: REDACTED
 server: https://192.168.42.106:8443
 name: 192-168-42-106:8443
 contexts:
 context:
 cluster: 192-168-42-106:8443
 namespace: myproject
 user: developer/192-168-42-106:8443
 name: minishift
 context:
 cluster: 192-168-42-106:8443
 namespace: myproject
 user: developer/192-168-42-106:8443
 name: myproject/192-168-42-106:8443/developer
 context:
 cluster: 192-168-42-106:8443
 namespace: myproject
 user: system:admin/192-168-42-106:8443
 name: myproject/192-168-42-106:8443/system:admin
 current-context: myproject/192-168-42-106:8443/system:admin
 kind: Config
 preferences: {}
 users:
 name: developer/192-168-42-106:8443
 user:
 token: QdSKNK5DbaLA2AOFM__8-_fJ-Pt7BikZP1uFwsqyNx0
 name: system:admin/192-168-42-106:8443
 user:
 client-certificate-data: REDACTED
 client-key-data: REDACTED

停止Minishift

要停止Openshift集群和Minishift VM，请运行：

$minishift stop
Stopping the OpenShift cluster…
Cluster stopped.

我们可以通过运行任何时间重新启动OpenShift集群

$minishift start