UNIX:设置环境变量

时间:2020-01-09 10:43:37  来源:igfitidea点击:

显示所有环境变量及其值命令

要显示搜索路径,请执行:

echo $PATH

要显示提示设置,请执行:

echo $PS1

还有更多示例:

echo $USER
echo $PWD
echo $MAIL
echo $JAVA_PATH
echo $DB2INSTANCE

更改或者设置环境变量

您可以根据shell使用以下命令更改当前会话的环境变量。

对于Korn Shell(KSH)

语法如下:

var=value
export var

要设置JAVA_PATH,请执行:

JAVA_PATH=/opt/jdk/bin
export JAVA_PATH

对于Bourne shell(sh和bash)

语法如下:

export var=value

要设置PATH,请执行:

export PATH=$PATH:/opt/bin:/usr/local/bin:$HOME/bin

对于C shell(csh或者tcsh)

语法如下:

setenv var value

将EDITOR设置为vim,执行:

setenv EDITOR vim

示例:环境变量的UNIX C Shell启动配置文件

C shell使用以下文件:

  • /etc/csh.login如果C shell是您的登录shell,则执行该命令。
  • $HOME/.cshrc和$HOME/.login每次C Shell启动时都会执行这些文件。 ~/.login是csh登录脚本,在登录时~/.cshrc之后,由登录shell读取。

上面的set或者setenv命令可以放在~/.cshrc或者~/.login文件中。

$HOME/.cshrc文件示例如下:

alias h		history 25
alias j		jobs -l
alias la	ls -a
alias lf	ls -FA
alias ll	ls -lA
 
umask 22
 
set path = (/sbin /bin /usr/sbin /usr/bin /usr/games /usr/local/sbin /usr/local/bin $HOME/bin)
 
setenv	EDITOR	vi
setenv	PAGER	more
setenv	BLOCKSIZE	K
 
if ($?prompt) then
	# An interactive shell -- set some stuff up
	set filec
	set history = 100
	set savehist = 100
	set mail = (/var/mail/$USER)
	if ( $?tcsh ) then
		bindkey "^W" backward-delete-word
		bindkey -k up history-search-backward
		bindkey -k down history-search-forward
	endif
endif
 
# Traps CTRL-D's to avoid accidental system log off
set ignoreeof
 
# Set prompt
set prompt = "[\!] %"
 
# Sequentially keeps a buffer of your last events.
set history=100
set savehist=100
 
# Stops C Shell from overwriting and destroying the information in an existing file.
set noclobber

~/.login文件示例如下:

# Show fortune :)
if ( -x /usr/games/fortune ) /usr/games/fortune
 
# Sets the system variable TERM to recognize the xterm
setenv TERM xterm
 
# This command sets the time zone variable
setenv TZ IST
 
# set PATH 
setenv PATH /opt/gnu/bin:/bin/posix:/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/local/bin:/etc:/users/Hyman:.
 
# set mail box
set mail=/usr/mail/Hyman
 
# alias bye is easier to remember 
alias bye logout
alias c clear
 
# read mail as soon as I get into the systems
mutt

示例:环境变量的UNIX KSH Shell启动配置文件

KSH Shell使用以下文件:

  • /etc/profile这个默认的系统文件由KSH执行,并设置默认的环境变量。
  • $HOME/.profile将您的自定义内容放入此文件。

ksh shell的示例$HOME/.profile:

PATH=/opt/gnu/bin:/bin/posix:/usr/bin:/usr/lib:/bin:/users/v/Hyman/bin
MAIL=/usr/mail/Hyman
HOME=/users/Hyman
EDITOR=/opt/gnu/bin/vim
START=~/.kshrc
TERM=xterm
 
# export it
export ENV START EDITOR TERM PATH MAIL HOME
stty sane susp ^Z
 
# email notification 
if mail -e
then
   echo "You have mail."
fi
 
# prompt
PS1="$ "
 
# Check system messages
msgs -q
 
# Allow terminal messages
mesg y