Linux命令查找系统配置和硬件信息
时间：2020-01-09 10:41:21 来源:igfitidea点击:
使用命令行(文本)模式在Linux操作系统上查找系统配置的命令是什么？
在基于Linux的系统上，可以从/proc文件系统中提取大多数硬件信息，例如显示CPU和内存信息，执行：
cat/proc/meminfo cat/proc/cpuinfo
以下列表总结了从系统中获取各种硬件的命令：
Linux cpu /硬件信息
使用以下任一命令：
# less /proc/cpuinfo
或者
# lscpu
输出示例：
Architecture: x86_64 CPU op-mode(s): 32-bit, 64-bit Byte Order: Little Endian CPU(s): 32 On-line CPU(s) list: 0-31 Thread(s) per core: 2 Core(s) per socket: 8 Socket(s): 2 NUMA node(s): 2 Vendor ID: GenuineIntel CPU family: 6 Model: 45 Stepping: 7 CPU MHz: 1999.874 BogoMIPS: 4000.99 Virtualization: VT-x L1d cache: 32K L1i cache: 32K L2 cache: 256K L3 cache: 20480K NUMA node0 CPU(s): 0-7,16-23 NUMA node1 CPU(s): 8-15,24-31
Linux显示系统中的可用内存和已用内存
使用以下任一命令：
# cat /proc/meminfo
或者
# free # free -m # free -mt # free -gt
输出示例：
total used free shared buffers cached Mem: 32911564 32665848 245716 168592 294192 29324484 -/+ buffers/cache: 3047172 29864392 Swap: 999420 81832 917588
您还可以运行top/htop/atop命令来查看已用和可用内存以及cpu的使用情况以及更多信息：
# top # htop # atop
查找服务器的RAM速度和最大支持RAM
# dmidecode --type 17 # lshw -short -C memory # perl memconf.v3.06.pl -v
输出示例：
memconf: V3.06 17-Feb-2014 http://sourceforge.net/projects/memconf/ hostname: server1 manufacturer: Supermicro model: X9DRi-LN4+/X9DR3-LN4+ (2 X Eight-Core Hyper-Threaded Intel(R) Xeon(R) E5-2650 0 @ 2.00GHz) BusyBox v1.21.1 is, Ubuntu 14.04.2 LTS, 64-bit kernel, Linux 3.13.0-46-generic CPU 1: Intel(R) Xeon(R) E5-2650 0 @ 2.00GHz cpu, system freq: 100MHz CPU 2: Intel(R) Xeon(R) E5-2650 0 @ 2.00GHz cpu, system freq: 100MHz Memory Error Correction: Multi-bit ECC Maximum Memory: 786432MB (768GB) P1-DIMMA1 P0_Node0_Channel0_Dimm0: 4096MB 1600MHz Registered (Buffered) DDR3 DIMM, Kingston SL4D316R11D8HE P1-DIMMB1 P0_Node0_Channel1_Dimm0: 4096MB 1600MHz Registered (Buffered) DDR3 DIMM, Kingston SL4D316R11D8HE P1-DIMMC1 P0_Node0_Channel2_Dimm0: 4096MB 1600MHz Registered (Buffered) DDR3 DIMM, Kingston SL4D316R11D8HE P1-DIMMD1 P0_Node0_Channel3_Dimm0: 4096MB 1600MHz Registered (Buffered) DDR3 DIMM, Kingston SL4D316R11D8HE P2-DIMME1 P1_Node1_Channel0_Dimm0: 4096MB 1600MHz Registered (Buffered) DDR3 DIMM, Kingston SL4D316R11D8HE P2-DIMMF1 P1_Node1_Channel1_Dimm0: 4096MB 1600MHz Registered (Buffered) DDR3 DIMM, Kingston SL4D316R11D8HE P2-DIMMG1 P1_Node1_Channel2_Dimm0: 4096MB 1600MHz Registered (Buffered) DDR3 DIMM, Kingston SL4D316R11D8HE P2-DIMMH1 P1_Node1_Channel3_Dimm0: 4096MB 1600MHz Registered (Buffered) DDR3 DIMM, Kingston SL4D316R11D8HE
Linux找出当前正在运行的内核版本
执行以下命令：
# cat /proc/version
输出示例：
Linux version 3.2.0-43-generic (buildd@batsu) (gcc version 4.6.3 (Ubuntu/Linaro 4.6.3-1ubuntu5) ) #68-Ubuntu SMP Wed May 15 03:33:33 UTC 2013
或使用以下命令：
# uname -mrs # uname -a
查找有关Linux发行版和版本的信息
# lsb_release -a
输出示例：
No LSB modules are available. Distributor ID: Ubuntu Description: Ubuntu 12.04.2 LTS Release: 12.04 Codename: precise
或使用以下命令：
$ cat /etc/*release*
输出示例：
Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 6.4 (Santiago)
列出所有PCI设备
# lspci
输出示例：
00:00.0 Host bridge: Intel Corporation Xeon E5/Core i7 DMI2 (rev 07) 00:01.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Xeon E5/Core i7 IIO PCI Express Root Port 1a (rev 07) 00:01.1 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Xeon E5/Core i7 IIO PCI Express Root Port 1b (rev 07) 00:02.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Xeon E5/Core i7 IIO PCI Express Root Port 2a (rev 07) 00:03.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Xeon E5/Core i7 IIO PCI Express Root Port 3a in PCI Express Mode (rev 07) 00:04.0 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Xeon E5/Core i7 DMA Channel 0 (rev 07) 00:04.1 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Xeon E5/Core i7 DMA Channel 1 (rev 07) 00:04.2 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Xeon E5/Core i7 DMA Channel 2 (rev 07) 00:04.3 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Xeon E5/Core i7 DMA Channel 3 (rev 07) 80:01.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Xeon E5/Core i7 IIO PCI Express Root Port 1a (rev 07) 80:02.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Xeon E5/Core i7 IIO PCI Express Root Port 2a (rev 07) 80:03.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Xeon E5/Core i7 IIO PCI Express Root Port 3a in PCI Express Mode (rev 07) 80:04.0 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Xeon E5/Core i7 DMA Channel 0 (rev 07) 80:04.1 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Xeon E5/Core i7 DMA Channel 1 (rev 07) 80:04.2 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Xeon E5/Core i7 DMA Channel 2 (rev 07)
列出所有USB设备
# lsusb
输出示例：
Bus 002 Device 002: ID 8087:0024 Intel Corp. Integrated Rate Matching Hub Bus 002 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub Bus 001 Device 003: ID 0557:2221 ATEN International Co., Ltd Winbond Hermon Bus 001 Device 002: ID 8087:0024 Intel Corp. Integrated Rate Matching Hub Bus 001 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub
列出所有块设备(硬盘，cdrom等)
# lsblk
输出示例：
sda 8:0 1 372.3G 0 disk |-sda1 8:1 1 243M 0 part /boot |-sda2 8:2 1 1K 0 part |-sda5 8:5 1 976M 0 part [SWAP] `-sda6 8:6 1 371.1G 0 part / sr0 11:0 1 1024M 0 rom loop0 7:0 0 4G 0 loop /jails/tmp
显示已安装的硬盘和大小
# fdisk -l | grep '^Disk /dev/'
输出示例：
Disk /dev/sda: 399.7 GB, 399717171200 bytes
显示有关硬件RAID的信息
查看有关Adaptec硬件RAID的信息：
# arcconf getconfig DEV # /usr/StorMan/arcconf getconfig 1
查看有关3ware硬件RAID的信息：
# tw_cli /dev show # tw_cli /c0 show
lshw
lshw是一个小型命令行工具，用于提取有关计算机硬件配置的详细信息。
它可以报告具有DMI功能的x86或IA-64系统以及某些PowerPC机器上的确切内存配置，固件版本，主板配置，CPU版本和速度，缓存配置，总线速度等(已知PowerMac G4可以工作)：
# lshw | more # lshw -html > output.htmlq # lshw -short | less
输出示例：
H/W path Device Class Description
========================================================
system X9DRi-LN4+/X9DR3-LN4+ (To be filled by O.E.M.)
/0 bus X9DRi-LN4+/X9DR3-LN4+
/0/0 memory 64KiB BIOS
/0/4 processor Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5-2650 0 @ 2.00GHz
/0/4/5 memory 512KiB L1 cache
/0/4/6 memory 2MiB L2 cache
/0/4/7 memory 20MiB L3 cache
/0/6 processor Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5-2650 0 @ 2.00GHz
/0/6/9 memory 512KiB L1 cache
/0/6/a memory 2MiB L2 cache
/0/6/b memory 20MiB L3 cache
/0/2f memory System Memory
/0/2f/0 memory 4GiB DIMM DDR3 1600 MHz (0.6 ns)
/0/2f/1 memory DIMM Synchronous [empty]
/0/2f/2 memory DIMM Synchronous [empty]
....
...
..
/0/1 bridge Xeon E5/Core i7 IIO PCI Express Root Port 1a
/0/1/0/1.0.0 disk SCSI Disk
/0/1/0/1.1.0 disk SCSI Disk
/0/1/0/1.2.0 disk SCSI Disk
/0/1/0/1.3.0 disk SCSI Disk
...
..
...
/0/68 scsi5 storage
/0/68/0.0.0 /dev/cdrom disk DV-28S-W
/1 power PWS-605P-1H
/2 vethWKP76N network Ethernet interface
/3 veth1N2SWB network Ethernet interface
/4 veth8L2A3F network Ethernet interface
/5 bond0 network Ethernet interface
转储所有硬件信息
执行以下命令以直接从系统BIOS查看主板，CPU，供应商，序列号，RAM，磁盘和其他信息：
# dmidecode | less
输出示例：
# dmidecode 2.12
SMBIOS 2.7 present.
155 structures occupying 7700 bytes.
Table at 0x000EC440.
Handle 0x0000, DMI type 0, 24 bytes
BIOS Information
Vendor: American Megatrends Inc.
Version: 3.0b
Release Date: 05/27/2014
Address: 0xF0000
Runtime Size: 64 kB
ROM Size: 12288 kB
Characteristics:
PCI is supported
BIOS is upgradeable
BIOS shadowing is allowed
Boot from CD is supported
Selectable boot is supported
BIOS ROM is socketed
EDD is supported
Print screen service is supported (int 5h)
8042 keyboard services are supported (int 9h)
Serial services are supported (int 14h)
Printer services are supported (int 17h)
ACPI is supported
USB legacy is supported
BIOS boot specification is supported
Function key-initiated network boot is supported
Targeted content distribution is supported
UEFI is supported
BIOS Revision: 3.11
Handle 0x0001, DMI type 1, 27 bytes
System Information
Manufacturer: Supermicro
Product Name: X9DRi-LN4+/X9DR3-LN4+
Version: 0123456789
Serial Number: 0123456789
UUID: 00000000-0000-0000-0000-0025902E1590
Wake-up Type: Power Switch
SKU Number: To be filled by O.E.M.
Family: To be filled by O.E.M.
Handle 0x0002, DMI type 2, 15 bytes
Base Board Information
Manufacturer: Supermicro
....
..
...
Handle 0x00AB, DMI type 13, 22 bytes
BIOS Language Information
Language Description Format: Long
Installable Languages: 1
en|US|iso8859-1
Currently Installed Language: en|US|iso8859-1
Handle 0x00AE, DMI type 127, 4 bytes
End Of Table
