如何在CentOS 7/CentOS 8上安装PostgreSQL 12
时间：2020-02-23 14:30:51 来源:igfitidea点击:
本指南将引导我们完成在CentOS 7/CentOS 8 Linux服务器上安装PostgreSQL 12的步骤。 PostgreSQL是基于POSTGRES 4.2的对象关系数据库管理系统。开发人员和数据库管理员可以使用PostgreSQL 12.
PostgreSQL项目为最常见的发行版提供了所有受支持版本的软件包的存储库。支持的发行版包括所有Red Hat系列，其中包括CentOS，Fedora，Scientific Linux，Oracle Linux和Red Hat Enterprise Linux。
使用以下步骤在CentOS 8/CentOS 7上安装PostgreSQL 12.
将PostgreSQL Yum存储库添加到CentOS 7/CentOS 8
PostgreSQL Yum存储库将与普通系统集成
和补丁管理，并为所有受支持的文件提供自动更新
在PostgreSQL的整个支持期限内都使用PostgreSQL版本。
可以通过运行以下命令将其添加到CentOS系统中：
CentOS 8：
sudo yum -y install https://download.postgresql.org/pub/repos/yum/reporpms/EL-8-x86_64/pgdg-redhat-repo-latest.noarch.rpm
CentOS 7：
sudo yum -y install https://download.postgresql.org/pub/repos/yum/reporpms/EL-7-x86_64/pgdg-redhat-repo-latest.noarch.rpm
我们可以通过运行以下命令来获取有关已安装软件包的更多信息：
$rpm -qi pgdg-redhat-repo Name : pgdg-redhat-repo Version : 42.0 Release : 4 Architecture: noarch Install Date: Thu 19 Sep 2019 06:34:53 PM UTC Group : System Environment/Base Size : 6915 License : PostgreSQL Signature : DSA/SHA1, Wed 17 Apr 2019 04:12:42 AM UTC, Key ID 1f16d2e1442df0f8 Source RPM : pgdg-redhat-repo-42.0-4.src.rpm Build Date : Wed 17 Apr 2019 04:12:41 AM UTC Build Host : koji-centos7-x86-64-pgbuild Relocations : (not relocatable) Vendor : PostgreSQL Global Development Group URL : https://yum.postgresql.org Summary : PostgreSQL PGDG RPMs- Yum Repository Configuration for Red Hat/CentOS/Scientific Linux Description : This package contains yum configuration for Red Hat Enterprise Linux, CentOS and Scientific Linux. and also the GPG key for PGDG RPMs.
在CentOS 8/CentOS 7上安装PostgreSQL 12
添加YUM存储库后，我们可以使用以下命令在CentOS 7/8上安装PostgreSQL 12.
CentOS 8上的PostgreSQL 12
禁用内置的PostgreSQL模块：
sudo dnf -qy module disable postgresql
然后安装客户端和服务器软件包：
sudo dnf -y install postgresql12 postgresql12-server
CentOS 7上的PostgreSQL 12
安装PostgreSQL客户端和服务器软件包：
sudo yum -y install epel-release yum-utils sudo yum-config-manager --enable pgdg12 sudo yum install postgresql12-server postgresql12
示例安装输出：
Dependencies Resolved =================================================================================================================================================== Package Arch Version Repository Size =================================================================================================================================================== Installing: postgresql12 x86_64 12beta4-1PGDG.rhel7 pgdg12-testing 1.8 M postgresql12-server x86_64 12beta4-1PGDG.rhel7 pgdg12-testing 5.4 M Installing for dependencies: libicu x86_64 50.2-3.el7 base 6.9 M postgresql12-libs x86_64 12beta4-1PGDG.rhel7 pgdg12-testing 383 k python3 x86_64 3.6.8-10.el7 base 69 k python3-libs x86_64 3.6.8-10.el7 base 7.0 M python3-pip noarch 9.0.3-5.el7 base 1.8 M python3-setuptools noarch 39.2.0-10.el7 base 629 k Transaction Summary =================================================================================================================================================== Install 2 Packages (+6 Dependent packages) Total download size: 24 M Installed size: 104 M Downloading packages: (1/8): libicu-50.2-3.el7.x86_64.rpm | 6.9 MB 00:00:00 warning: /var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/pgdg12-testing/packages/postgresql12-libs-12beta4-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64.rpm: Header V4 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 442df0f8: NOKEY Public key for postgresql12-libs-12beta4-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64.rpm is not installed (2/8): postgresql12-libs-12beta4-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64.rpm | 383 kB 00:00:00 (3/8): python3-3.6.8-10.el7.x86_64.rpm | 69 kB 00:00:00 (4/8): python3-setuptools-39.2.0-10.el7.noarch.rpm | 629 kB 00:00:00 (5/8): postgresql12-12beta4-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64.rpm | 1.8 MB 00:00:00 (6/8): python3-libs-3.6.8-10.el7.x86_64.rpm | 7.0 MB 00:00:00 (7/8): postgresql12-server-12beta4-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64.rpm | 5.4 MB 00:00:00 (8/8): python3-pip-9.0.3-5.el7.noarch.rpm | 1.8 MB 00:00:00 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total 15 MB/s | 24 MB 00:00:01 Retrieving key from file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-PGDG Importing GPG key 0x442DF0F8: Userid : "PostgreSQL RPM Building Project <theitroad@localhost>" Fingerprint: 68c9 e2b9 1a37 d136 fe74 d176 1f16 d2e1 442d f0f8 Package : pgdg-redhat-repo-42.0-4.noarch (installed) From : /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-PGDG Running transaction check Running transaction test Transaction test succeeded Running transaction Installing : libicu-50.2-3.el7.x86_64 1/8 Installing : postgresql12-libs-12beta4-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64 2/8 Installing : python3-libs-3.6.8-10.el7.x86_64 3/8 Installing : python3-setuptools-39.2.0-10.el7.noarch 4/8 Installing : python3-3.6.8-10.el7.x86_64 5/8 Installing : python3-pip-9.0.3-5.el7.noarch 6/8 Installing : postgresql12-12beta4-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64 7/8 Installing : postgresql12-server-12beta4-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64 8/8 Verifying : postgresql12-libs-12beta4-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64 1/8 Verifying : python3-pip-9.0.3-5.el7.noarch 2/8 Verifying : libicu-50.2-3.el7.x86_64 3/8 Verifying : python3-libs-3.6.8-10.el7.x86_64 4/8 Verifying : postgresql12-12beta4-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64 5/8 Verifying : postgresql12-server-12beta4-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64 6/8 Verifying : python3-setuptools-39.2.0-10.el7.noarch 7/8 Verifying : python3-3.6.8-10.el7.x86_64 8/8 Installed: postgresql12.x86_64 0:12beta4-1PGDG.rhel7 postgresql12-server.x86_64 0:12beta4-1PGDG.rhel7 Dependency Installed: libicu.x86_64 0:50.2-3.el7 postgresql12-libs.x86_64 0:12beta4-1PGDG.rhel7 python3.x86_64 0:3.6.8-10.el7 python3-libs.x86_64 0:3.6.8-10.el7 python3-pip.noarch 0:9.0.3-5.el7 python3-setuptools.noarch 0:39.2.0-10.el7
初始化并启动数据库服务
安装后，需要先进行数据库初始化，然后才能启动服务。
sudo /usr/pgsql-12/bin/postgresql-12-setup initdb
数据库主要配置ifile写入：/var/lib/pgsql/12/data/postgresql.conf
启动并启用数据库服务器服务。
sudo systemctl enable --now postgresql-12
确认服务已启动，没有任何错误。
$systemctl status postgresql-12
● postgresql-12.service - PostgreSQL 12 database server
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/postgresql-12.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
Active: active (running) since Thu 2019-09-19 18:50:10 UTC; 39s ago
Docs: https://www.postgresql.org/docs/12/static/
Process: 10647 ExecStartPre=/usr/pgsql-12/bin/postgresql-12-check-db-dir ${PGDATA} (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Main PID: 10652 (postmaster)
CGroup: /system.slice/postgresql-12.service
├─10652 /usr/pgsql-12/bin/postmaster -D /var/lib/pgsql/12/data/
├─10654 postgres: logger
├─10656 postgres: checkpointer
├─10657 postgres: background writer
├─10658 postgres: walwriter
├─10659 postgres: autovacuum launcher
├─10660 postgres: stats collector
└─10661 postgres: logical replication launcher
Sep 19 18:50:10 cent7.novalocal systemd[1]: Starting PostgreSQL 12 database server...
Sep 19 18:50:10 cent7.novalocal postmaster[10652]: 2019-09-19 18:50:10.207 UTC [10652] LOG: starting PostgreSQL 12beta4 on x86_64-pc-lin... 64-bit
Sep 19 18:50:10 cent7.novalocal postmaster[10652]: 2019-09-19 18:50:10.209 UTC [10652] LOG: listening on IPv6 address "::1", port 5432
Sep 19 18:50:10 cent7.novalocal postmaster[10652]: 2019-09-19 18:50:10.209 UTC [10652] LOG: listening on IPv4 address "127.0.0.1", port 5432
Sep 19 18:50:10 cent7.novalocal postmaster[10652]: 2019-09-19 18:50:10.214 UTC [10652] LOG: listening on Unix socket "/var/run/postgresq...L.5432"
Sep 19 18:50:10 cent7.novalocal postmaster[10652]: 2019-09-19 18:50:10.229 UTC [10652] LOG: listening on Unix socket "/tmp/.s.PGSQL.5432"
Sep 19 18:50:10 cent7.novalocal postmaster[10652]: 2019-09-19 18:50:10.254 UTC [10652] LOG: redirecting log output to logging collector process
Sep 19 18:50:10 cent7.novalocal postmaster[10652]: 2019-09-19 18:50:10.254 UTC [10652] HINT: Future log output will appear in directory "log".
Sep 19 18:50:10 cent7.novalocal systemd[1]: Started PostgreSQL 12 database server.
Hint: Some lines were ellipsized, use -l to show in full.
如果我们有正在运行的防火墙服务，并且远程客户端应连接到数据库服务器，请允许PostgreSQLservice。
sudo firewall-cmd --add-service=postgresql --permanent sudo firewall-cmd --reload
设置PostgreSQL管理员用户密码
设置PostgreSQL管理员用户
$sudo su - postgres ~]$psql -c "alter user postgres with password 'StrongPassword'" ALTER ROLE
启用远程访问(可选)
编辑文件/var/lib/pgsql/12/data/postgresql.conf并将"监听地址"设置为服务器IP地址，或者将*设置为所有接口。
listen_addresses = '192.168.10.10'
还设置PostgreSQL接受远程连接
$sudo vim /var/lib/pgsql/12/data/pg_hba.conf # Accept from anywhere host all all 0.0.0.0/0 md5 # Accept from trusted subnet host all all 192.168.18.0/24 md5
提交更改后，重新启动数据库服务。
sudo systemctl restart postgresql-12
连接到远程数据库：
$psql -U <dbuser> -h <serverip> -p 5432 <dbname>
安装pgAdmin 4 Web界面
pgAdmin是领先的开源功能丰富的PostgreSQL管理和开发平台，可在Linux，Unix，Mac OS X和Windows上运行。
