Linux 向制表符分隔的文件添加标题
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Add a header to a tab delimited file
提问by Dnaiel
I'd like to add a header to a tab-delimited file but I am not sure how to do it in one line in linux.
我想在制表符分隔的文件中添加一个标题，但我不确定如何在 linux 中的一行中执行此操作。
Let us say my file is:
让我们说我的文件是：
roger\t18\tcolumbia\tnew york\n
albert\t21\tdartmouth\tnew london\n
etc...
and now I'd like to add a header that says:
现在我想添加一个标题，上面写着：
name\tage\tuniversity\tcity
How would I do that in one line in linux? I am ok with awk, sed, cat, etc. not familiar at all with perl though.
我将如何在 linux 中的一行中做到这一点？我可以使用 awk、sed、cat 等，但对 perl 完全不熟悉。
采纳答案by newfurniturey
There isn't a "prepend" operator like the "append" operator >>, but you can write the header to a temp-file, copy your file's contents into the temp-file after that, and move it back:
没有像“追加”运算符那样的“前置”运算符>>，但是您可以将标头写入临时文件，然后将文件内容复制到临时文件中，然后将其移回：
echo -e "name\tage\tuniversity\tcity" | cat - yourfile > /tmp/out && mv /tmp/out yourfile
回答by wallyk
First create a file with the header content:
首先创建一个包含标题内容的文件：
$ cat >header
name^Iage^Iuniversity^Icity (return)
^D
(where ^Iis the tab key)
（^Itab键在哪里）
Then prepend it to the data
然后将其添加到数据中
$ cat header myfile >newfile
$ mv newfile myfile
回答by William Pursell
$ { printf 'name\tage\tuniversity\tcity\n'; cat orig-file; } > new-file
Or
或者
$ printf '1\ni\nname\tage\tuniversity\tcity\n.\nw\n' | ed -s orig-file
回答by David Z
Personally I would go with nano -w file.txt;-) (i.e. just use a text editor, doesn't have to be nano of course)
我个人会选择nano -w file.txt;-) （即只使用文本编辑器，当然不必是 nano）
But if you wanted to do this in a non-interactive environment for some reason, you can use catfor all sorts of concatenations:
但是，如果您出于某种原因想在非交互式环境中执行此操作，则可以将其cat用于各种串联：
echo $'name\tage\tuniversity\tcity' | cat - file.txt > file2.txt
will prepend the header and put the output in file2.txt. If you want to overwrite the original file you can do it with
将添加标题并将输出放入file2.txt. 如果你想覆盖原始文件，你可以用
echo $'name\tage\tuniversity\tcity' | cat - file.txt > file2.txt; mv file{2,}.txt
Or you could use sedas follows:
或者你可以使用sed如下：
sed -i $'1 i\\nname\tage\tuniversity\tcity' file.txt
Note that I'm using $'...'quoting to allow me to use \tto represent tab and \nto represent newline (among other substitutions; see the bash man page for more). In this type of quoted string, \\represents a literal backslash. So the program passed to sed is actually
请注意，我正在使用$'...'引用来\t表示制表符和\n换行符（在其他替换中；有关更多信息，请参见 bash 手册页）。在这种类型的带引号的字符串中，\\表示文字反斜杠。所以传递给 sed 的程序实际上是
1 i\
name age university city
回答by Vijay
perl -i -lne 'if($.==1){print "newline\n$_"}else{print}' your_file
回答by WCC
cat <(head -1 theFileWithHeader) theFileWithoutHeader > newfile;
mv newfile theFileWithoutHeader;
回答by Michael Hall
Customary awkanswer.
习惯性awk回答。
awk 'BEGIN { print "name\tage\tuniversity\tcity" } { print }' yourfile > /tmp/out && mv /tmp/out yourfile
回答by Digvijay S
Using sedno need of temp file
使用sed不需要临时文件
sed -i "s#^#name\tage\tuniversity\tcity#g#"
Demo:
演示：
$ cat file1.txt
roger\t18\tcolumbia\tnew york\n
albert\t21\tdartmouth\tnew london\n
etc...
$ sed -i "s#^#name\tage\tuniversity\tcity#g#" file1.txt $ cat file1.txt
name age university cityroger\t18\tcolumbia\tnew york\n
name age university cityalbert\t21\tdartmouth\tnew london\n
name age university cityetc...
$
