如何在Linux上的Libvirt中使用Vagrant
时间：2020-02-23 14:31:29 来源:igfitidea点击:
在本教程中，我们将研究如何在Linux上将Vagrant与Libvirt一起使用。
Vagrant是用Ruby编写的开源软件，可构建和维护可移植的虚拟软件开发环境，例如适用于VirtualBox，Hyper-V，Docker容器，VMware，Libvirt和AWS。
Vagrant使创建，停止和销毁虚拟机变得容易。
本地计算机上最常用的Vagrant是使用VirtualBox提供程序。
如果我们是KVM和QEMU用户，那么本文适合我们。
与Virtualbox相比，已知KVM具有更好的性能和较小的资源利用率。
在Linux上与Libvirt一起Vagrant 准备工作：
已安装Vagrant已安装Libvirt和QEMU-KVM已为Vagrant安装libvirt插件
为了在Linux上安装KVM，我们已经为我们准备了一些文章。
如何在RHEL/CentOS 8，Fedora，Arch Linux，CentOS，Ubuntu/Debian，SLES上安装KVM
对于Vagrant安装，我们有：如何在Fedora上安装Vagrant和Virtualbox在Ubuntu 18.04/Debian 9和Kali Linux上安装最新的Vagrant
为Vagrant安装Vagrant插件
一旦安装了Vagrant和KVM，就应该准备安装libvirt插件，以便可以开始使用Vagrant管理KVM虚拟机。
$vagrant plugin install vagrant-libvirt Installing the 'vagrant-libvirt' plugin. This can take a few minutes... Building native extensions. This could take a while... Building native extensions. This could take a while... Installed the plugin 'vagrant-libvirt (0.0.45)'!
如果遇到如下错误：
ERROR: Failed to build gem native extension. current directory: /home/jmutai/.vagrant.d/gems/2.5.1/gems/nokogiri-1.8.4/ext/nokogiri /usr/bin/ruby -r ./siteconf20160704-25314-14hvlbq.rb extconf.rb checking if the C compiler accepts ... yes Building nokogiri using system libraries. pkg-config could not be used to find libxml-2.0 Please install either `pkg-config` or the pkg-config gem per gem install pkg-config -v "~> 1.1"
然后运行：
$gem install nokogiri $vagrant plugin install pkg-config
然后重试安装插件。
$vagrant plugin install vagrant-libvirt
安装完成后，我们可以使用以下命令确认已安装插件：
$vagrant plugin list vagrant-libvirt (0.0.45)
下载Vagrant
Libvirt的Vagrant框是一个tar存档，其中包含3个文件。
基本的VagrantFileTh元数据.json文件QCOW2图像Repo。
它可以轻松入门。
在本示例中，我们将使用现成的模板。
让我们添加CentOS 7和CentOS 6框。
$vagrant box add centos/7 --provider=libvirt ==> box: Loading metadata for box 'centos/7' box: URL: https://vagrantcloud.com/centos/7 ==> box: Adding box 'centos/7' (v1902.01) for provider: libvirt $vagrant box add centos/6 --provider=libvirt
添加Ubuntu 18.04 Vagrant框：
$vagrant box add generic/ubuntu1804 --provider=libvirt
检查本地显示的框列表。
$vagrant box list centos/7 (libvirt, 1902.01) fedora/29-cloud-base (libvirt, 29.20161024.1) generic/ubuntu1804 (libvirt, 1.9.8)
创建虚拟机Vagrantfile
Vagrant需要一个配置文件来获取要创建的VM的详细信息和设置。
让我们创建一个VM Vagrantfile。
$mkdir ~/vagrant-vms $cd ~/vagrant-vms
创建一个Vagrantfile，其内容类似于以下内容：
# -*- mode: ruby -*
# vi: set ft=ruby :
ENV['VAGRANT_DEFAULT_PROVIDER'] = 'libvirt'
Vagrant.configure("2") do |config|
##### DEFINE VM #####
config.vm.define "cent-01" do |config|
config.vm.hostname = "cent-01"
config.vm.box = "centos/7"
config.vm.box_check_update = false
config.vm.network "private_network", ip: "192.168.18.9"
config.vm.provider :libvirt do |v|
v.memory = 1024
end
end
end
要启动虚拟机，请运行：
$vagrant up
Bringing machine 'cent-01' up with 'libvirt' provider...
==> cent-01: Creating image (snapshot of base box volume).
==> cent-01: Creating domain with the following settings...
==> cent-01: -- Name: centos-01_cent-01
==> cent-01: -- Domain type: kvm
==> cent-01: -- Cpus: 1
==> cent-01: -- Feature: acpi
==> cent-01: -- Feature: apic
==> cent-01: -- Feature: pae
==> cent-01: -- Memory: 1024M
==> cent-01: -- Management MAC:
==> cent-01: -- Loader:
==> cent-01: -- Nvram:
==> cent-01: -- Base box: centos/7
==> cent-01: -- Storage pool: default
==> cent-01: -- Image: /var/lib/libvirt/images/centos-01_cent-01.img (41G)
==> cent-01: -- Volume Cache: default
==> cent-01: -- Kernel:
==> cent-01: -- Initrd:
==> cent-01: -- Graphics Type: vnc
==> cent-01: -- Graphics Port: -1
==> cent-01: -- Graphics IP: 127.0.0.1
==> cent-01: -- Graphics Password: Not defined
==> cent-01: -- Video Type: cirrus
==> cent-01: -- Video VRAM: 9216
==> cent-01: -- Sound Type:
==> cent-01: -- Keymap: en-us
==> cent-01: -- TPM Path:
==> cent-01: -- INPUT: type=mouse, bus=ps2
==> cent-01: Creating shared folders metadata...
==> cent-01: Starting domain.
==> cent-01: Waiting for domain to get an IP address...
==> cent-01: Waiting for SSH to become available...
cent-01:
cent-01: Vagrant insecure key detected. Vagrant will automatically replace
cent-01: this with a newly generated keypair for better security.
cent-01:
cent-01: Inserting generated public key within guest...
cent-01: Removing insecure key from the guest if it's present...
cent-01: Key inserted! Disconnecting and reconnecting using new SSH key...
==> cent-01: Setting hostname...
==> cent-01: Configuring and enabling network interfaces...
cent-01: SSH address: 192.168.121.159:22
cent-01: SSH username: vagrant
cent-01: SSH auth method: private key
==> cent-01: Rsyncing folder: /home/jmutai/hacks/vagrant/labs/centos-01/=> /vagrant
Vagrant将在主机系统上创建一个Linux桥。
$brctl show virbr1
bridge name bridge id STP enabled interfaces
virbr1 8000.5254005351c7 yes virbr1-nic
vnet0
$ip addr show dev virbr1
8: virbr1: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP group default qlen 1000
link/ether 52:54:00:53:51:c7 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.121.1/24 brd 192.168.121.255 scope global virbr1
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
运行virsh list来查看是否可获得VM列表。
$virsh list Id Name State ---------------------------------- 3 centos-01_cent-01 running
要将SSH SSH到VM，请使用vagrant ssh命令。
$vagrant ssh Last login: Fri Apr 19 07:40:17 2019 from 192.168.121.1 [Hyman@theitroad ~]$cat /etc/redhat-release CentOS Linux release 7.6.1810 (Core)
要输出.ssh/config通过ssh连接到此环境的有效语法，请运行ssh-config命令。
我们需要将提供的输出放在~/.ssh/config目录下的ssh中。
$vagrant ssh-config Host cent-01 HostName 192.168.121.159 User vagrant Port 22 UserKnownHostsFile /dev/null StrictHostKeyChecking no PasswordAuthentication no IdentityFile /home/jmutai/hacks/vagrant/labs/centos-01/.vagrant/machines/cent-01/libvirt/private_key IdentitiesOnly yes LogLevel FATAL
要将输出重定向到ssh配置文件，请使用：
vagrant ssh-config >>~/.ssh/config
然后使用ssh命令以上面配置的名称登录：
$ssh cent-01 Last login: Fri Apr 19 07:40:42 2019 from 192.168.121.1 [Hyman@theitroad ~]$
要关闭VM，请运行：
$vagrant halt ==> cent-01: Halting domain…
要通过清除所有数据将VM设置为初始状态，请使用vagrant destroy：
$vagrant destroy
cent-01: Are you sure you want to destroy the 'cent-01' VM? [y/N] y
==> cent-01: Removing domain…
建立自己的Vagrant box
我们需要安装打包程序才能正常工作。
检查：在Linux/FreeBSD/macOS/Windows上安装最新的Packer，然后克隆Bento Github存储库。
$cd ~/ $git clone https://github.com/chef/bento $cd bento $cd centos $packer build -only qemu -var "headless=true" centos-7.6-x86_64.json ==> qemu: Gracefully halting virtual machine... ==> qemu: Converting hard drive... ==> qemu: Running post-processor: vagrant ==> qemu (vagrant): Creating Vagrant box for 'libvirt' provider qemu (vagrant): Copying from artifact: ../builds/packer-centos-7.6-x86_64-qemu/centos-7.6-x86_64 qemu (vagrant): Compressing: Vagrantfile qemu (vagrant): Compressing: box.img qemu (vagrant): Compressing: metadata.json Build 'qemu' finished. ==> Builds finished. The artifacts of successful builds are: --> qemu: 'libvirt' provider box: ../builds/centos-7.6.libvirt.box
如果构建成功，则准备导入盒文件将位于存储库根目录的builds目录中。
$vagrant box add builds/centos-7.6.libvirt.box --name "centos-7.6" ==> box: Box file was not detected as metadata. Adding it directly... ==> box: Adding box 'centos-7.6' (v0) for provider: box: Unpacking necessary files from: file:///home/jmutai/hacks/vagrant/labs/packer/bento/builds/centos-7.5.libvirt.box ==> box: Successfully added box 'centos-7.6' (v0) for 'libvirt'!
确认已安装box。
$vagrant box list centos-7.6 (libvirt, 0) centos/6 (libvirt, 1803.01) centos/7 (libvirt, 1803.01)
