本教程将了解如何使用DMidecode检查Linux上的硬件信息。
大多数笔记本电脑都有限制我们可以安装的最大内存。
了解此限制将相应地计划硬件升级。

什么是dmidecode？

这是一种用于以人类可读格式转储计算机DMI的工具。
数据以表格形式打印，并且它包含系统的硬件组件的描述，以及其他有用的信息，例如序列号和BIOS修订。

使用DMidecode检查Linux上的内存信息：

要在Linux服务器上获取所有内存信息详细信息，请使用-t选项运行dmidecode。

$sudo dmidecode -t memory
# dmidecode 3.2
Getting SMBIOS data from sysfs.
SMBIOS 2.7 present.
Handle 0x0007, DMI type 16, 23 bytes
Physical Memory Array
	Location: System Board Or Motherboard
	Use: System Memory
	Error Correction Type: None
	Maximum Capacity: 16 GB
	Error Information Handle: Not Provided
	Number Of Devices: 2
Handle 0x001A, DMI type 17, 34 bytes
Memory Device
	Array Handle: 0x0007
	Error Information Handle: Not Provided
	Total Width: 64 bits
	Data Width: 64 bits
	Size: 8192 MB
	Form Factor: SODIMM
	Set: None
	Locator: DIMM1
	Bank Locator:  
	Type: DDR3
	Type Detail: Synchronous
	Speed: 1600 MT/s
	Manufacturer: Samsung
	Serial Number: 20DE69E3
	Asset Tag: 03151600  
	Part Number: M471B1G73QH0-YK0  
	Rank: 2
	Configured Memory Speed: 1600 MT/s
Handle 0x001C, DMI type 17, 34 bytes
Memory Device
	Array Handle: 0x0007
	Error Information Handle: Not Provided
	Total Width: 64 bits
	Data Width: 64 bits
	Size: 8192 MB
	Form Factor: SODIMM
	Set: None
	Locator: DIMM2
	Bank Locator:  
	Type: DDR3
	Type Detail: Synchronous
	Speed: 1600 MT/s
	Manufacturer: Samsung
	Serial Number: 20DE69E4
	Asset Tag: 03151600  
	Part Number: M471B1G73QH0-YK0  
	Rank: 2
	Configured Memory Speed: 1600 MT/s

从输出中，我们可以获得：内存最大容量，Lobustram形式因子E.g SodIMM 等insted设备SizeClock速度在Mt/Stype e.g DDR4，DDR3 等Voltage中

我们可以通过grep进一步过滤详细信息

$sudo dmidecode -t memory | grep -i "maximum capacity"
 Maximum Capacity: 32 GB
$sudo dmidecode -t memory | grep -i "speed"
 Speed: 2133 MT/s
 Configured Clock Speed: 2133 MT/s
 Speed: 2133 MT/s
 Configured Clock Speed: 2133 MT/s

使用dmidecode检查关于Linux的处理器信息

要查看所有处理器相关信息，请命令：

$sudo dmidecode -t processor               
# dmidecode 3.1
Getting SMBIOS data from sysfs.
SMBIOS 3.0.0 present.
Handle 0x0009, DMI type 4, 48 bytes
Processor Information
	Socket Designation: U3E1
	Type: Central Processor
	Family: Core i5
	Manufacturer: Intel(R) Corporation
	ID: E9 06 08 00 FF FB EB BF
	Signature: Type 0, Family 6, Model 142, Stepping 9
	Flags:
		FPU (Floating-point unit on-chip)
		VME (Virtual mode extension)
		DE (Debugging extension)
		PSE (Page size extension)
		TSC (Time stamp counter)
		MSR (Model specific registers)
		PAE (Physical address extension)
		MCE (Machine check exception)
		CX8 (CMPXCHG8 instruction supported)
		APIC (On-chip APIC hardware supported)
		SEP (Fast system call)
		MTRR (Memory type range registers)
		PGE (Page global enable)
		MCA (Machine check architecture)
		CMOV (Conditional move instruction supported)
		PAT (Page attribute table)
		PSE-36 (36-bit page size extension)
		CLFSH (CLFLUSH instruction supported)
		DS (Debug store)
		ACPI (ACPI supported)
		MMX (MMX technology supported)
		FXSR (FXSAVE and FXSTOR instructions supported)
		SSE (Streaming SIMD extensions)
		SSE2 (Streaming SIMD extensions 2)
		SS (Self-snoop)
		HTT (Multi-threading)
		TM (Thermal monitor supported)
		PBE (Pending break enabled)
	Version: Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-7200U CPU @ 2.50GHz
	Voltage: 0.8 V
	External Clock: 100 MHz
	Max Speed: 2700 MHz
	Current Speed: 2400 MHz
	Status: Populated, Enabled
	Upgrade: Other
	L1 Cache Handle: 0x0006
	L2 Cache Handle: 0x0007
	L3 Cache Handle: 0x0008
	Serial Number: To Be Filled By O.E.M.
	Asset Tag: To Be Filled By O.E.M.
	Part Number: To Be Filled By O.E.M.
	Core Count: 2
	Core Enabled: 2
	Thread Count: 4
	Characteristics:
		64-bit capable
		Multi-Core
		Hardware Thread
		Execute Protection
		Enhanced Virtualization
		Power/Performance Control

从此我们可以获取：CPU FamilySupported FlagsProcessor版本等

有关系统信息运行：

$sudo dmidecode -t system
# dmidecode 3.2
Getting SMBIOS data from sysfs.
SMBIOS 2.7 present.
Handle 0x0001, DMI type 1, 27 bytes
System Information
	Manufacturer: Dell Inc.
	Product Name: Dell Precision M3800
	Version: A10
	Serial Number: 2FQF562
	UUID: 4c4c4544-0046-5110-8046-b2c04f353632
	Wake-up Type: Power Switch
	SKU Number: Dell Precision M3800
	Family:                       
Handle 0x0013, DMI type 12, 5 bytes
System Configuration Options
	Option 1: To Be Filled By O.E.M.
Handle 0x0016, DMI type 23, 13 bytes
System Reset
	Status: Disabled
	Watchdog Timer: Not Present
Handle 0x0017, DMI type 32, 20 bytes
System Boot Information
	Status: No errors detected

获取系统UUID.

要获取系统UUID，请运行：

$sudo dmidecode --string system-uuid
0B1B6E67-A5F9-6546-BCF6-A81E84B0E901

我们可以使用以下操作将输出转换为小写：

$sudo dmidecode --string system-uuid | tr '[:upper:]' '[:lower:]'
0b1b6e67-a5f9-6546-bcf6-a81e84b0e901

这将为我们提供硬件制造商，系统系列，产品名称，等等系统信息。
有关更详细的操作方法，请参阅：

$dmidecode --help
Usage: dmidecode [OPTIONS]
Options are:
 -d, --dev-mem FILE     Read memory from device FILE (default: /dev/mem)
 -h, --help             Display this help text and exit
 -q, --quiet            Less verbose output
 -s, --string KEYWORD   Only display the value of the given DMI string
 -t, --type TYPE        Only display the entries of given type
 -H, --handle HANDLE    Only display the entry of given handle
 -u, --dump             Do not decode the entries
     --dump-bin FILE    Dump the DMI data to a binary file
     --from-dump FILE   Read the DMI data from a binary file
     --no-sysfs         Do not attempt to read DMI data from sysfs files
     --oem-string N     Only display the value of the given OEM string
 -V, --version          Display the version and exit

尝试其他dmidecode选项以获取所需的系统详细信息。