Linux：安装pip客户端以安装Python软件包
时间：2020-01-09 10:37:58 来源:igfitidea点击:
我想使用pip command安装python软件包，这是easy_install command的替代品。
如何在RHEL/CentOS/Debian/Ubuntu Linux服务器系统下安装pip 命令？
pip命令是一个用于安装和管理Python软件包的工具，例如Python软件包索引中的软件包。它替代了easy_install。 pip对于网站开发以及管理基于云计算的资源(由Openstack，Rackspace，AWS，Google和其他云计算服务提供商创建)的系统管理员非常有用。 pip命令可以通过两种不同的方法安装：
- 方法1：为具有root特权的所有用户设置pip。建议您使用软件包管理器来安装pip。
- 方法2：无需root特权即可为单个用户点子。建议您使用virtualenv脚本，该脚本在$HOME目录中创建隔离的Python环境。
警告！只能使用以下任何一种方法来安装pip。
请勿同时使用两种方法安装pip。
方法1：为所有用户安装pip
默认情况下未安装pip命令。
您需要根据发行版进行安装。
RHEL/CentOS/Fedora Linux安装
首先，为RHEL/CentOS Linux打开EPEL仓库。
接下来，在RHEL/CentOS/Fedora Linux下执行以下yum命令以安装python-pip软件包：
# yum -y install python-pip
输出示例：
Total download size: 513 k Installed size: 764 k Is this ok [y/N]: y Downloading Packages: (1/2): python-pip-0.8-1.el6.noarch.rpm | 178 kB 00:01 (2/2): python-setuptools-0.6.10-3.el6.noarch.rpm | 336 kB 00:00 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total 63 kB/s | 513 kB 00:08 warning: rpmts_HdrFromFdno: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID 0608b895: NOKEY Retrieving key from file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-EPEL-6 Importing GPG key 0x0608B895: Userid : EPEL (6) <[email protected]> Package: epel-release-6-7.noarch (installed) From : /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-EPEL-6 Is this ok [y/N]: y Running rpm_check_debug Running Transaction Test Transaction Test Succeeded Running Transaction Warning: RPMDB altered outside of yum. Installing : python-setuptools-0.6.10-3.el6.noarch 1/2 Installing : python-pip-0.8-1.el6.noarch 2/2 Installed products updated. Verifying : python-setuptools-0.6.10-3.el6.noarch 1/2 Verifying : python-pip-0.8-1.el6.noarch 2/2 Installed: python-pip.noarch 0:0.8-1.el6 Dependency Installed: python-setuptools.noarch 0:0.6.10-3.el6 Complete!
请注意，该命令的名称是RHEL和friends下的pyton-pip。
我建议您将以下别名添加到~/.bashrc文件中，输入：
$ echo 'alias pip="/usr/bin/pip-python"' >> $HOME/.bashrc $ . $HOME/.bashrc
Debian/Ubuntu Linux安装
执行以下apt-get命令进行安装
# apt-get install python-pip
或者
$ sudo apt-get install python-pip
输出示例：
Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done The following NEW packages will be installed: python-pip 0 upgraded, 1 newly installed, 0 to remove and 14 not upgraded. Need to get 67.8 kB of archives. After this operation, 332 kB of additional disk space will be used. Get:1 http://debian.osuosl.org/debian/ squeeze/main python-pip all 0.7.2-1 [67.8 kB] Fetched 67.8 kB in 1s (40.4 kB/s) Selecting previously deselected package python-pip. (Reading database ... 274928 files and directories currently installed.) Unpacking python-pip (from .../python-pip_0.7.2-1_all.deb) ... Processing triggers for man-db ... Setting up python-pip (0.7.2-1) ... Processing triggers for python-support ...
方法2：为单个用户安装pip
此方法不需要root用户访问权限或修改系统Python安装。
执行以下命令：
curl -O https://raw.github.com/pypa/virtualenv/master/virtualenv.py
输出示例：
% Total % Received % Xferd Average Speed Time Time Time Current
Dload Upload Total Spent Left Speed
100 107k 100 107k 0 0 35120 0 0:00:03 0:00:03 --:--:-- 49618
创建自己的虚拟环境py_virtual：
python virtualenv.py py_virtual
输出示例：
New python executable in py_virtual/bin/python Installing setuptools............................done. Installing pip.....................done.
激活新的虚拟环境，运行：
. py_virtual/bin/activate
示例输出(注释提示已更改)：
(py_virtual)Hyman@wks01:~$
如何使用pip命令？
要安装新的python软件包类型：
pip install packageName
要卸载通过pip安装的python软件包，请执行以下操作：
pip uninstall packageName
要搜索python包类型：
pip search packageName
要查看所有命令的列表，请输入：
pip help
输出示例
Usage: pip COMMAND [OPTIONS] --version show program's version number and exit -h, --help Show help -v, --verbose Give more output -q, --quiet Give less output --log Log file where a complete (maximum verbosity) record will be kept --proxy Specify a proxy in the form user:[email protected]:port. Note that the user:password@ is optional and required only if you are behind an authenticated proxy. If you provide [email protected]:port then you will be prompted for a password. --timeout Set the socket timeout (default 15 seconds) --exists-action Default action when a path already exists. Use this option more than one time to specify another action if a certain option is not available. Choices: (s)witch, (i)gnore, (w)ipe, (b)ackup Commands available: bundle: Create pybundles (archives containing multiple packages) freeze: Output all currently installed packages (exact versions) to stdout help: Show available commands install: Install packages search: Search PyPI uninstall: Uninstall packages unzip: Unzip individual packages zip: Zip individual packages
例子
搜索所有Openstack Cloud相关工具：
pip search openstack
输出示例：
ftp-cloudfs - FTP interface to Rackspace Cloud Files and OpenStack Swift vaporize - A clean and consistent library for the Rackspace Cloud / OpenStack openstack.nose_plugin - openstack run_tests.py style output for nosetests nova-adminclient - client for administering OpenStack Nova python-glanceclient - Client library for OpenStack Image API python-novaclient - Client library for OpenStack Nova API. python-quantumclient - CLI and python client library for OpenStack Quantum python-melangeclient - Client library for OpenStack Melange API. txAWS - Async library for EC2, OpenStack, and Eucalyptus python-swiftclient - Client Library for OpenStack Object Storage API python-keystoneclient - Client library for OpenStack Keystone API django_openstack_auth - A Django authentication backend for use with the OpenStack Keystone Identity backend. python-cinderclient - Client library for OpenStack Cinder API. rackspace-auth-openstack - Rackspace Auth Plugin for OpenStack Clients. openstackocci - OCCI interface for Openstack. django-openstack - A Django interface for OpenStack. futuregrid_passwdstack - Password Stack is a simple tool that allows normal users to reset their own password in the OpenStack Dashboard cloudenvy - Fast provisioning on openstack clouds. reddwarf - PaaS services for Openstack python-openstackclient - OpenStack command-line client reviewday - Report generator for OpenStack code reviews. horizon - The OpenStack Dashboard. hpcloud-auth-openstack - HP Cloud Auth Plugin for OpenStack Clients.
要安装称为Horizon的OpenStack仪表板软件包，请输入：
pip install horizon
