Spring MVC拦截器HandlerInterceptorAdapter,HandlerInterceptor示例
Spring Interceptor用于拦截客户端请求并进行处理。
有时我们想截取HTTP请求并进行一些处理,然后再将其移交给控制器处理程序方法。
这就是Spring MVC拦截器派上用场的地方。
Spring 拦截器
就像拥有Struts2拦截器一样,我们可以通过实现org.springframework.web.servlet.HandlerInterceptor接口或者覆盖抽象类org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.HandlerInterceptorAdapter来创建自己的Spring拦截器HandlerInterceptor接口的基本实现。
Spring 拦截器– HandlerInterceptor
Spring HandlerInterceptor根据我们想要拦截HTTP请求的位置声明了三个方法。
boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest请求,HttpServletResponse响应,对象处理程序):此方法用于在将请求移交给处理程序方法之前对其进行拦截。
这个方法应该返回'true'来让Spring知道通过另一个Spring拦截器处理请求,或者在没有其他Spring拦截器的情况下将其发送到处理程序方法。
Spring 拦截器本身,无需进一步处理。
在这种情况下,我们应该使用response对象向客户端请求发送响应.Object handler是选择的处理程序对象来处理请求。
此方法也可能引发Exception,在这种情况下,Spring MVC Exception Handling对于将错误页面作为响应发送应该很有用。void postHandle(HttpServletRequest请求,HttpServletResponse响应,对象处理程序,ModelAndView和ModelAndView):当HandlerAdapter调用处理程序但DispatcherServlet尚未呈现视图时,将调用此HandlerInterceptor拦截器方法。
此方法可用于将附加属性添加到要在视图页面中使用的ModelAndView对象。
我们可以使用这种Spring拦截器方法来确定处理程序方法处理客户端请求所花费的时间。afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest请求,HttpServletResponse响应,对象处理程序,异常异常):这是一个HandlerInterceptor回调方法,该方法在执行处理程序并呈现视图后立即被调用。
如果配置了多个Spring 拦截器,则preHandle()方法将按照配置顺序执行,而postHandle()和afterCompletion()方法将以相反的顺序调用。
让我们创建一个简单的Spring MVC应用程序,其中我们将配置一个Spring Interceptor来记录控制器处理程序方法的时序。
我们最终的Spring Interceptor示例项目将如下图所示,我们将研究感兴趣的组件。
Spring 拦截器–控制器类
package com.theitroad.spring; import java.text.DateFormat; import java.util.Date; import java.util.Locale; import org.slf4j.Logger; import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory; import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller; import org.springframework.ui.Model; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod; /** * Handles requests for the application home page. */ @Controller public class HomeController { private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(HomeController.class); @RequestMapping(value = "/home", method = RequestMethod.GET) public String home(Locale locale, Model model) { logger.info("Welcome home! The client locale is {}.", locale); //adding some time lag to check interceptor execution try { Thread.sleep(1000); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } Date date = new Date(); DateFormat dateFormat = DateFormat.getDateTimeInstance(DateFormat.LONG, DateFormat.LONG, locale); String formattedDate = dateFormat.format(date); model.addAttribute("serverTime", formattedDate ); logger.info("Before returning view page"); return "home"; } }
我只是在处理程序方法的执行中添加了一些处理时间,以检查我们的spring拦截器方法是否有效。
Spring MVC拦截器– HandlerInterceptorAdapter实现
为简单起见,我扩展了抽象类HandlerInterceptorAdapter
。
HandlerInterceptorAdapter是HandlerInterceptor接口的抽象适配器类,用于简化仅前/后仅拦截器的实现。
package com.theitroad.spring; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; import org.slf4j.Logger; import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory; import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView; import org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.HandlerInterceptorAdapter; public class RequestProcessingTimeInterceptor extends HandlerInterceptorAdapter { private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory .getLogger(RequestProcessingTimeInterceptor.class); @Override public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler) throws Exception { long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis(); logger.info("Request URL::" + request.getRequestURL().toString() + ":: Start Time=" + System.currentTimeMillis()); request.setAttribute("startTime", startTime); //if returned false, we need to make sure 'response' is sent return true; } @Override public void postHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, ModelAndView modelAndView) throws Exception { System.out.println("Request URL::" + request.getRequestURL().toString() + " Sent to Handler :: Current Time=" + System.currentTimeMillis()); //we can add attributes in the modelAndView and use that in the view page } @Override public void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, Exception ex) throws Exception { long startTime = (Long) request.getAttribute("startTime"); logger.info("Request URL::" + request.getRequestURL().toString() + ":: End Time=" + System.currentTimeMillis()); logger.info("Request URL::" + request.getRequestURL().toString() + ":: Time Taken=" + (System.currentTimeMillis() - startTime)); } }
逻辑非常简单,我只是记录处理程序方法执行的时间以及处理请求(包括渲染视图页面)所花费的总时间。
Spring MVC拦截器配置
我们必须将Spring拦截器连接到请求,我们可以使用mvc:interceptors元素来连接所有拦截器。
我们还可以通过映射元素提供URI模式以进行匹配,然后再为请求添加Spring 拦截器。
我们最终的spring bean配置文件(spring.xml)如下所示。
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans:beans xmlns="https://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc" xmlns:xsi="https://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:beans="https://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:context="https://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xsi:schemaLocation="https://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc https://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd https://www.springframework.org/schema/beans https://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd https://www.springframework.org/schema/context https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd"> <!-- DispatcherServlet Context: defines this servlet's request-processing infrastructure --> <!-- Enables the Spring MVC @Controller programming model --> <annotation-driven <!-- Handles HTTP GET requests for /resources/** by efficiently serving up static resources in the ${webappRoot}/resources directory --> <resources mapping="/resources/**" location="/resources/" <!-- Resolves views selected for rendering by @Controllers to .jsp resources in the /WEB-INF/views directory --> <beans:bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver"> <beans:property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/views/" <beans:property name="suffix" value=".jsp" </beans:bean> <!-- Configuring interceptors based on URI --> <interceptors> <interceptor> <mapping path="/home" <beans:bean class="com.theitroad.spring.RequestProcessingTimeInterceptor"></beans:bean> </interceptor> </interceptors> <context:component-scan base-package="com.theitroad.spring" </beans:beans>
我将不解释该Web应用程序的所有其他组件,因为我们对它们不感兴趣,并且它们没有任何与Spring拦截器相关的特定配置。
Spring MVC拦截器应用测试
只需将应用程序部署在servlet容器中并调用home控制器,您将看到logger的输出,如下所示。
INFO : com.theitroad.spring.RequestProcessingTimeInterceptor - Request URL::https://localhost:9090/SpringInterceptors/home:: Start Time=1396906442086 INFO : com.theitroad.spring.HomeController - Welcome home! The client locale is en_US. INFO : com.theitroad.spring.HomeController - Before returning view page Request URL::https://localhost:9090/SpringInterceptors/home Sent to Handler :: Current Time=1396906443098 INFO : com.theitroad.spring.RequestProcessingTimeInterceptor - Request URL::https://localhost:9090/SpringInterceptors/home:: End Time=1396906443171 INFO : com.theitroad.spring.RequestProcessingTimeInterceptor - Request URL::https://localhost:9090/SpringInterceptors/home:: Time Taken=1085
输出确认Spring 拦截器方法已按定义的顺序执行。