Linux 使用 find 命令但排除两个目录中的文件
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Use find command but exclude files in two directories
提问by Hanfei Sun
I want to find files that end with _peaks.bed, but exclude files in the tmpand scriptsfolders.
我想查找以 结尾的文件_peaks.bed，但排除tmp和scripts文件夹中的文件。
My command is like this:
我的命令是这样的：
find . -type f \( -name "*_peaks.bed" ! -name "*tmp*" ! -name "*scripts*" \)
But it didn't work. The files in tmpand scriptfolder will still be displayed.
但它没有用。中的文件tmp和script文件夹仍将显示。
Does anyone have ideas about this?
有没有人对此有想法？
采纳答案by sampson-chen
Here's how you can specify that with find:
您可以通过以下方式指定find：
find . -type f -name "*_peaks.bed" ! -path "./tmp/*" ! -path "./scripts/*"
Explanation:
解释：
find .- Start find from current working directory (recursively by default)-type f- Specify tofindthat you only want files in the results-name "*_peaks.bed"- Look for files with the name ending in_peaks.bed! -path "./tmp/*"- Exclude all results whose path starts with./tmp/! -path "./scripts/*"- Also exclude all results whose path starts with./scripts/
find .- 从当前工作目录开始查找（默认递归）-type f- 指定find您只想要结果中的文件-name "*_peaks.bed"- 查找名称以 结尾的文件_peaks.bed! -path "./tmp/*"- 排除所有路径以./tmp/! -path "./scripts/*"- 同时排除所有路径以./scripts/
Testing the Solution:
测试解决方案：
$ mkdir a b c d e
$ touch a/1 b/2 c/3 d/4 e/5 e/a e/b
$ find . -type f ! -path "./a/*" ! -path "./b/*"
./d/4
./c/3
./e/a
./e/b
./e/5
You were pretty close, the -nameoption only considers the basename, where as -pathconsiders the entire path =)
您非常接近，该-name选项仅考虑基本名称，其中 as-path考虑整个路径 =)
回答by alex
Here is one way you could do it...
这是你可以做到的一种方法......
find . -type f -name "*_peaks.bed" | egrep -v "^(./tmp/|./scripts/)"
回答by DrC
Try something like
尝试类似的东西
find . \( -type f -name \*_peaks.bed -print \) -or \( -type d -and \( -name tmp -or -name scripts \) -and -prune \)
and don't be too surprised if I got it a bit wrong. If the goal is an exec (instead of print), just substitute it in place.
如果我弄错了也不要太惊讶。如果目标是 exec （而不是打印），只需将其替换到位。
回答by Al3x
for me, this solution didn't worked on a command exec with find, don't really know why, so my solution is
对我来说，这个解决方案在带有 find 的命令 exec 上不起作用，真的不知道为什么，所以我的解决方案是
find . -type f -path "./a/*" -prune -o -path "./b/*" -prune -o -exec gzip -f -v {} \;
Explanation:same as sampson-chen one with the additions of
说明：与 sampson-chen 相同，但添加了
-prune - ignore the proceding path of ...
-prune - 忽略...的处理路径
-o - Then if no match print the results, (prune the directories and print the remaining results)
-o - 如果没有匹配，则打印结果，（修剪目录并打印剩余的结果）
18:12 $ mkdir a b c d e
18:13 $ touch a/1 b/2 c/3 d/4 e/5 e/a e/b
18:13 $ find . -type f -path "./a/*" -prune -o -path "./b/*" -prune -o -exec gzip -f -v {} \;
gzip: . is a directory -- ignored
gzip: ./a is a directory -- ignored
gzip: ./b is a directory -- ignored
gzip: ./c is a directory -- ignored
./c/3: 0.0% -- replaced with ./c/3.gz
gzip: ./d is a directory -- ignored
./d/4: 0.0% -- replaced with ./d/4.gz
gzip: ./e is a directory -- ignored
./e/5: 0.0% -- replaced with ./e/5.gz
./e/a: 0.0% -- replaced with ./e/a.gz
./e/b: 0.0% -- replaced with ./e/b.gz
回答by Hymany Jiang
You can try below:
你可以试试下面的：
find ./ ! \( -path ./tmp -prune \) ! \( -path ./scripts -prune \) -type f -name '*_peaks.bed'
