列出可升级的软件包

Ubuntu中的可升级软件包是具有源存储库中可用更新的软件包。我们可以通过运行apt upgrade命令来确定哪些软件包具有可用的补丁程序。

sudo apt upgrade

当然，通过使用此方法，我们将期望通过输出末尾的提示来安装更新。

Reading package lists... Done
 Building dependency tree       
 Reading state information... Done
 Calculating upgrade... Done
 The following NEW packages will be installed:
   amd64-microcode intel-microcode iucode-tool libuv1 linux-headers-4.15.0-48 linux-headers-4.15.0-48-generic linux-image-4.15.0-48-generic linux-modules-4.15.0-48-generic
   linux-modules-extra-4.15.0-48-generic python3-netifaces
 The following packages will be upgraded:
   apport apt apt-utils base-files bsdutils cloud-init cloud-initramfs-copymods cloud-initramfs-dyn-netconf command-not-found command-not-found-data console-setup console-setup-linux cryptsetup
   cryptsetup-bin dpkg e2fsprogs ebtables fdisk friendly-recovery gcc-8-base grub-common grub-pc grub-pc-bin grub2-common initramfs-tools initramfs-tools-bin initramfs-tools-core irqbalance
   keyboard-configuration kmod landscape-common language-selector-common libapt-inst2.0 libapt-pkg5.0 libblkid1 libcom-err2 libcryptsetup12 libdrm-common libdrm2 libext2fs2 libfdisk1 libgcc1 libglib2.0-0
   ubuntu-server ubuntu-standard udev ufw uidmap unattended-upgrades update-manager-core update-notifier-common ureadahead util-linux uuid-runtime wireless-regdb
 149 upgraded, 10 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
 Need to get 194 MB of archives.
 After this operation, 386 MB of additional disk space will be used.
 Do you want to continue? [Y/n] 

尽管有信息，但有时所需的只是格式良好的软件包列表，其中包含可用的更新。 Apt提供的命令使我们能够生成软件包更新的简单列表。

Apt提供了一个名为list的命令，该命令生成软件包列表。可以使用标志(例如已安装和可升级)来过滤列表。我们将使用可升级标志来生成仅软件包列表，这些软件包具有来自其源存储库的更新。

sudo apt list --upgradable

输出将提供有关可用于安装的软件包更新的有价值的信息。该信息将包括更新的版本号，目标体系结构以及我们要从中升级的版本。

以下是命令输出的示例。

Listing... Done
 apport/bionic-updates 2.20.9-0ubuntu7.6 all [upgradable from: 2.20.9-0ubuntu7]
 apt/bionic-updates 1.6.10 amd64 [upgradable from: 1.6.1]
 apt-utils/bionic-updates 1.6.10 amd64 [upgradable from: 1.6.1]
 base-files/bionic-updates 10.1ubuntu2.4 amd64 [upgradable from: 10.1ubuntu2]
 bsdutils/bionic-updates 1:2.31.1-0.4ubuntu3.3 amd64 [upgradable from: 1:2.31.1-0.4ubuntu3]
 cloud-init/bionic-updates 18.5-45-g3554ffe8-0ubuntu1~18.04.1 all [upgradable from: 18.2-14-g6d48d265-0ubuntu1]
 cloud-initramfs-copymods/bionic-updates 0.40ubuntu1.1 all [upgradable from: 0.40ubuntu1]
 cloud-initramfs-dyn-netconf/bionic-updates 0.40ubuntu1.1 all [upgradable from: 0.40ubuntu1]
 command-not-found/bionic-updates 18.04.5 all [upgradable from: 18.04.4]
 command-not-found-data/bionic-updates 18.04.5 amd64 [upgradable from: 18.04.4]
 console-setup/bionic-updates 1.178ubuntu2.9 all [upgradable from: 1.178ubuntu2]
 console-setup-linux/bionic-updates 1.178ubuntu2.9 all [upgradable from: 1.178ubuntu2]
 cryptsetup/bionic-updates 2:2.0.2-1ubuntu1.1 amd64 [upgradable from: 2:2.0.2-1ubuntu1]
 cryptsetup-bin/bionic-updates 2:2.0.2-1ubuntu1.1 amd64 [upgradable from: 2:2.0.2-1ubuntu1]
 dpkg/bionic-updates 1.19.0.5ubuntu2.1 amd64 [upgradable from: 1.19.0.5ubuntu2]
 e2fsprogs/bionic-updates 1.44.1-1ubuntu1.1 amd64 [upgradable from: 1.44.1-1]
 ebtables/bionic-updates 2.0.10.4-3.5ubuntu2.18.04.3 amd64 [upgradable from: 2.0.10.4-3.5ubuntu2]
 fdisk/bionic-updates 2.31.1-0.4ubuntu3.3 amd64 [upgradable from: 2.31.1-0.4ubuntu3]
 friendly-recovery/bionic-updates 0.2.38ubuntu1 all [upgradable from: 0.2.38]
 gcc-8-base/bionic-updates 8.3.0-6ubuntu1~18.04 amd64 [upgradable from: 8-20180414-1ubuntu2]
 libcryptsetup12/bionic-updates 2:2.0.2-1ubuntu1.1 amd64 [upgradable from: 2:2.0.2-1ubuntu1]
 libdrm-common/bionic-updates 2.4.95-1~18.04.1 all [upgradable from: 2.4.91-2]
 libdrm2/bionic-updates 2.4.95-1~18.04.1 amd64 [upgradable from: 2.4.91-2]
 libext2fs2/bionic-updates 1.44.1-1ubuntu1.1 amd64 [upgradable from: 1.44.1-1]
 libfdisk1/bionic-updates 2.31.1-0.4ubuntu3.3 amd64 [upgradable from: 2.31.1-0.4ubuntu3]
 libgcc1/bionic-updates 1:8.3.0-6ubuntu1~18.04 amd64 [upgradable from: 1:8-20180414-1ubuntu2]
 libglib2.0-0/bionic-updates 2.56.4-0ubuntu0.18.04.2 amd64 [upgradable from: 2.56.1-2ubuntu1]
 libglib2.0-data/bionic-updates 2.56.4-0ubuntu0.18.04.2 all [upgradable from: 2.56.1-2ubuntu1]