SQL Server从SQL Server 2016开始在Linux上运行。此SQL Server是在Microsoft操作系统上运行的相同SQL Server数据库引擎，具有许多相似的功能和服务。

本教程将引导我们完成在CentOS 7上安装Microsoft SQL Server 2019的步骤。 Fedora 32/31/30/29/Linux系统。撰写本文时，SQL Server 2019可在Ubuntu/CentOS和RHEL Linux上用于生产。

在CentOS 7上安装Microsoft SQL Server 2019Fedora 32/31/29/28

Microsoft SQL Server 2019可供一般使用。通过在终端上运行以下命令，将存储库添加到CentOS 7/Fedora。

sudo curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/mssql-server.repo https://packages.microsoft.com/config/rhel/7/mssql-server-2019.repo

这会将SQL Server 2019存储库下载到/etc/yum.repos.d/mssql-server.repo

更新系统缓存：

sudo yum makecache  # CentOS 7
sudo dnf makecache  # Fedora

然后安装SQL Server 2019：

sudo yum install -y mssql-server

对于Fedora，运行：

sudo dnf install -y mssql-server

要获取有关已安装软件包的信息，请运行：

$rpm -qi mssql-server
Name        : mssql-server
Version     : 15.0.1100.94
Release     : 1
Architecture: x86_64
Install Date: Sat 17 Nov 2016 09:12:15 AM UTC
Group       : Unspecified
Size        : 1289243002
License     : Commercial
Signature   : RSA/SHA256, Tue 06 Nov 2016 10:12:05 PM UTC, Key ID eb3e94adbe1229cf
Source RPM  : mssql-server-15.0.1100.94-1.src.rpm
Build Date  : Tue 06 Nov 2016 08:47:29 AM UTC
Build Host  : hls-cent3-prod-build-cent73-03
Relocations : (not relocatable)
Summary     : Microsoft SQL Server Relational Database Engine
Description :
The mssql-server package contains the Microsoft SQL Server Relational Database Engine.

初始化MS SQL数据库引擎

软件包安装完成后，运行runmssql-conf并按照提示设置SA密码并选择版本。

sudo /opt/mssql/bin/mssql-conf setup

1.选择我们要使用的版本

Choose an edition of SQL Server:
  1) Evaluation (free, no production use rights, 180-day limit)
  2) Developer (free, no production use rights)
  3) Express (free)
  4) Web (PAID)
  5) Standard (PAID)
  6) Enterprise (PAID)
  7) Enterprise Core (PAID)
  8) I bought a license through a retail sales channel and have a product key to enter.

为了我。不适用于2开发人员(免费，没有生产使用权)。

2.接受许可条款

The license terms for this product can be found in
/usr/share/doc/mssql-server or downloaded from:
https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=855862&clcid=0x409

The privacy statement can be viewed at:
https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=853010&clcid=0x409

Do you accept the license terms? [Yes/No]:Yes

3.SetSQL Server系统管理员密码

Enter the SQL Server system administrator password: <Password>
Confirm the SQL Server system administrator password:<Confirm Password>
Configuring SQL Server...

sqlservr: This program requires a machine with at least 2000 megabytes of memory.
/opt/mssql/bin/sqlservr: This program requires a machine with at least 2000 megabytes of memory.

Initial setup of Microsoft SQL Server failed. Please consult the ERRORLOG
in /var/opt/mssql/log for more information.

安装SQL Server命令行工具

然后使用unixODBC开发人员软件包安装mssql-tools。

sudo curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/msprod.repo https://packages.microsoft.com/config/rhel/7/prod.repo
sudo yum -y install mssql-tools unixODBC-devel

启动并启用mssql-server服务

Startmssql服务器服务

sudo systemctl start mssql-server

启用它以在系统引导时启动：

sudo systemctl enable mssql-server

将/opt/mssql/bin /添加到$PATH变量中：

echo 'export PATH=$PATH:/opt/mssql/bin:/opt/mssql-tools/bin' | sudo tee /etc/profile.d/mssql.sh

源文件以在当前的shell会话中开始使用MS SQL可执行二进制文件：

source /etc/profile.d/mssql.sh

如果我们有活动的防火墙服务，请允许远程主机的SQL Server端口进行连接：

sudo  firewall-cmd --add-port=1433/tcp --permanent
sudo  firewall-cmd --reload

测试SQL Server

连接到SQL Server并验证其是否正常运行。

$sqlcmd -S localhost -U SA

使用在中设置的密码进行身份验证。

显示数据库用户：

1> select name from sysusers;
2> go

创建一个测试数据库：

# Create new
CREATE DATABASE mytestDB
SELECT Name from sys.Databases
GO
USE mytestDB
CREATE TABLE Inventory (id INT, name NVARCHAR(50), quantity INT)
INSERT INTO Inventory VALUES (1, 'banana', 150); INSERT INTO Inventory VALUES (2, 'orange', 154);
GO
SELECT * FROM Inventory LIMIT 1;

在SQL Server上显示数据库。

1> select name,database_id from sys.databases;
2> go

删除数据库：

1> drop database testDB;
2> go