Linux 使用正则表达式时出现 Shell 'tar: not found in archive' 错误
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Shell 'tar: not found in archive' error when using regular expression
提问by Zhiwen Fang
When I use tar -xzf *.gzto extract all the .gzfiles in the current directory, I get Not found in archiveerror. However, it works fine if I extract one by one or use a for-loop like
当我使用tar -xzf *.gz提取.gz当前目录中的所有文件时，Not found in archive出现错误。但是，如果我一一提取或使用类似的 for 循环，它就可以正常工作
for file in `ls *.gz`; do tar -xzf $file; done
What is the reason for this error?
这个错误的原因是什么？
采纳答案by Jonathan Leffler
When you write:
当你写：
tar -xf *.gz
the tarcommand sees (for example):
该tar命令看到（例如）：
tar -xf abc.tar.gz def.tar.gz ghi.tar.gz
This is interpreted as a request to extract def.tar.gzand ghi.tar.gzfrom the archive abc.tar.gz. Since the files aren't in there, you get the warning message.
这被解释为从档案中提取def.tar.gz和提取的请求。由于文件不在那里，您会收到警告消息。ghi.tar.gzabc.tar.gz
In other words, taroperates on a single tarfile (possibly compressed) at a time (in one invocation). It does not operate on multiple tar files.
换句话说，一次（在一次调用中）tar对单个tar文件（可能是压缩的）进行操作。它不会对多个 tar 文件进行操作。
Note that if abc.tar.gzcontains a file pqr/xyz/important.c, you can extract just the one file by specifying:
请注意，如果abc.tar.gz包含一个文件pqr/xyz/important.c，您可以通过指定只提取一个文件：
tar -xf abc.tar.gz pqr/xyz/important.c
The notation you used is only a variant on this notation.
您使用的符号只是此符号的一个变体。
(And yes, there can be reasons to tara tarfile. For example, Gmail does not allow you to ship a tar file or a gzipped tar file which contains a file that is executable. However, if you embed a gzipped tar file inside a non-compressed tar file, it does not look inside the inner file to find the executable file. I use this when I need to ship a tar file with an executable configurescript.)
（是的，文件可能是有原因tar的tar。例如，Gmail 不允许您发送 tar 文件或包含可执行文件的 gzipped tar 文件。但是，如果您将 gzipped tar 文件嵌入到非-compressed tar 文件，它不会在内部文件中查找可执行文件。当我需要将 tar 文件与可执行configure脚本一起发送时，我会使用它。）
回答by Igor Chubin
When you write
当你写
tar -xzf *.gz
your shell expands it to the string:
您的外壳将其扩展为字符串：
tar -xzf 1.gz 2.gz 3.gz
(assuming 1.gz, 2.gz and 3.gz are in you current directory).
（假设 1.gz、2.gz 和 3.gz 在您的当前目录中）。
tarthinks that you want to extract 2.gzand 3.gzfrom 1.gz; it can't find these files in the archives and that causes the error message.
tar认为要提取2.gz和3.gz从1.gz; 它在档案中找不到这些文件，这会导致错误消息。
You need to use loop forof command xargsto extract your files.
您需要使用for命令循环xargs来提取文件。
ls *.gz |xargs -n1 tar -xzf
That means: run me tar -xzffor every gz-file in the current directory.
这意味着：tar -xzf为gz当前目录中的每个-file运行我。
回答by abasu
the main reason is tartakes a single filename argument. When you are calling tar *.tgzbash extends the *to all file names with tgz formant and it becomes tar file1 file2 file3which is not accepted by tar. So either you use a for loop like for i in *.tgz; do tar -zxvf $i ;doneor use some other command which executes taras a side effect like shown in comments, is lsor find . -maxdepth 1 -name \*tgz -exec tar -zxvf {} \;(lsoutput is always risky)
主要原因是tar采用单个文件名参数。当你调用tar *.tgzbash的扩展*与TGZ共振所有文件名，并成为tar file1 file2 file3其不被接受tar。因此，要么使用类似 for 循环，for i in *.tgz; do tar -zxvf $i ;done要么使用其他一些tar作为副作用执行的命令，如注释中所示，是ls或find . -maxdepth 1 -name \*tgz -exec tar -zxvf {} \;（ls输出总是有风险的）
