如何测试两个Linux服务器之间的网络速度/吞吐量
时间：2020-01-09 10:39:46 来源:igfitidea点击:
有几台运行CentOS或Ubuntu Linux的服务器。
如何确保群集文件系统性能合理，因为我的服务器与其他用户共享。
如何使用专用LAN/VLAN的命令行选项检查两个Linux服务器之间的速度？
您可以使用iperf命令测试Ubuntu/CentOS/Debian/Fedora或Unix盒之间的网络速度(吞吐量)。
Iperf命令显示有关带宽，延迟，抖动和数据报丢失的信息。
从手册页：
iperf是用于执行网络吞吐量测量的工具。
它可以测试TCP或UDP吞吐量。
要执行iperf测试，用户必须同时建立服务器(以丢弃流量)和客户端(以生成流量)。
步骤1安装
您需要按照Linux发行版安装iperf。
iperf有两个版本：
- iperf
- iperf3
iperf/iperf3可在Linux，Unix，Windows，* BSD和其他操作系统上运行。
在Ubuntu/Debian Linux服务器上安装iperf
执行以下apt-get命令/[nixmcd name = apt]在两台服务器上安装iperf：
$ sudo apt-get update $ sudo apt-get install iperf
输出示例：
Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done The following NEW packages will be installed: iperf 0 upgraded, 1 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded. Need to get 51.0 kB of archives. After this operation, 184 kB of additional disk space will be used. Get:1 http://mirrors.linode.com/ubuntu xenial/universe amd64 iperf amd64 2.0.5+dfsg1-2 [51.0 kB] Fetched 51.0 kB in 0s (4921 kB/s) Selecting previously unselected package iperf. (Reading database ... 26108 files and directories currently installed.) Preparing to unpack .../iperf_2.0.5+dfsg1-2_amd64.deb ... Unpacking iperf (2.0.5+dfsg1-2) ... Processing triggers for man-db (2.7.5-1) ... Setting up iperf (2.0.5+dfsg1-2) ...
关于在Debian/Ubuntu Linux上安装iperf3的说明
也可以如下安装iperf3(最新版本)：
$ sudo apt-get install iperf3
输出示例：
Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done The following additional packages will be installed: libiperf0 The following NEW packages will be installed: iperf3 libiperf0 0 upgraded, 2 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded. Need to get 58.5 kB of archives. After this operation, 238 kB of additional disk space will be used. Do you want to continue? [Y/n] y Get:1 http://mirrors.linode.com/ubuntu xenial/universe amd64 libiperf0 amd64 3.0.11-1 [50.4 kB] Get:2 http://mirrors.linode.com/ubuntu xenial/universe amd64 iperf3 amd64 3.0.11-1 [8090 B] Fetched 58.5 kB in 0s (4796 kB/s) Selecting previously unselected package libiperf0:amd64. (Reading database ... 26120 files and directories currently installed.) Preparing to unpack .../libiperf0_3.0.11-1_amd64.deb ... Unpacking libiperf0:amd64 (3.0.11-1) ... Selecting previously unselected package iperf3. Preparing to unpack .../iperf3_3.0.11-1_amd64.deb ... Unpacking iperf3 (3.0.11-1) ... Processing triggers for man-db (2.7.5-1) ... Setting up libiperf0:amd64 (3.0.11-1) ... Setting up iperf3 (3.0.11-1) ... Processing triggers for libc-bin (2.23-0ubuntu9) ...
在Fedora Linux服务器上安装iperf
执行以下[nixmcd name = dnf]在两台服务器上安装iperf：
$ sudo dnf install iperf
关于在CentOS/RHEL/SL/Oracle Linux上安装iperf3的注释
执行以下命令：
$ sudo dnf install iperf3
在CentOS/RHEL/Oracle/Scientific Linux服务器上安装iperf
执行以下[nixmcd name = yum]在两台服务器上安装iperf(首先为CentOS/RHEL打开EPEL存储库)：
$ sudo yum install iperf
输出示例：
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: centos.mirror.snu.edu.in * epel: mirror01.idc.hinet.net * extras: centos.mirror.snu.edu.in * updates: centos.mirror.snu.edu.in Resolving Dependencies --> Running transaction check ---> Package iperf.x86_64 0:2.0.8-1.el7 will be installed --> Finished Dependency Resolution Dependencies Resolved ===================================================================== Package Arch Version Repository Size ===================================================================== Installing: iperf x86_64 2.0.8-1.el7 epel 321 k Transaction Summary ===================================================================== Install 1 Package Total download size: 321 k Installed size: 396 k Is this ok [y/d/N]: y Downloading packages: iperf-2.0.8-1.el7.x86_64.rpm | 321 kB 00:00 Running transaction check Running transaction test Transaction test succeeded Running transaction Installing : iperf-2.0.8-1.el7.x86_64 1/1 Verifying : iperf-2.0.8-1.el7.x86_64 1/1 Installed: iperf.x86_64 0:2.0.8-1.el7 Complete!
关于在CentOS/RHEL/SL/Oracle Linux上安装iperf3的注释
执行以下命令：
$ sudo yum install iperf3
步骤2在serverA上启动iperf服务器(服务器模式)
执行以下命令以在服务器模式下运行iperf：
iperf -s
或者
iperf3 -s
输出示例：
----------------------------------------------------------- Server listening on TCP port 5001 TCP window size: 85.3 KByte (default) -----------------------------------------------------------
关于防火墙配置的注意事项
请注意，您必须在serverA上打开TCP端口5001。
了解如何使用ufw在Ubuntu/Debian Linux上打开端口：
$ sudo ufw allow from 192.1108.39.0/24 to 192.1108.39.69 port 5001 proto tcp
也可以通过传递如下的-p选项来更改端口(例如，打开并使用TCP端口2323)：
iperf -s -p 2323
步骤3在serverB上启动iperf服务器(客户端模式)
执行以下命令以客户端模式运行，连接到192.1108.39.69：
iperf -c {ip-address-of-serverA-here}
iperf -c {ip-address-of-serverA-here} -p {tcp-port}
iperf -c 192.1108.39.69 -p 2323
iperf -c 192.1108.39.69
或者
iperf3 -c {ip-address-of-serverA-here}
iperf3 -c {ip-address-of-serverA-here} -p {tcp-port}
iperf3 -c 192.1108.39.69 -p 2323
iperf3 -c 192.1108.39.69
如何使用UDP而不是TCP
在服务器端：
iperf -s -u
在客户端：
iperf -c 192.1108.39.69 -u
如何设置要运行的并行客户端线程数(客户端模式选项)
传递-P选项：
iperf -c 192.1108.39.69 -P 3
您还可以设置传输时间(以秒为单位)(默认为10秒)，如下所示：
iperf -c 192.1108.39.69 -P 3 -t 30
输出示例：
----------------------------------------------------------- Client connecting to 192.1108.39.69, TCP port 5001 TCP window size: 85.0 KByte (default) ----------------------------------------------------------- [ 5] local 192.168.181.40 port 54198 connected with 192.1108.39.69 port 5001 [ 3] local 192.168.181.40 port 54194 connected with 192.1108.39.69 port 5001 [ 4] local 192.168.181.40 port 54196 connected with 192.1108.39.69 port 5001 [ ID] Interval Transfer Bandwidth [ 5] 0.0-30.0 sec 2.26 GBytes 647 Mbits/sec [ 3] 0.0-30.0 sec 2.89 GBytes 828 Mbits/sec [ 4] 0.0-30.5 sec 1.91 GBytes 539 Mbits/sec [SUM] 0.0-30.5 sec 7.07 GBytes 1.99 Gbits/sec
这是iperf3的输出：
## on the server side ## iperf3 -s ## on the client side ## iperf3 -c 192.1108.39.69
输出示例：
Connecting to host 192.1108.39.69, port 5201 [ 4] local 192.168.181.40 port 55522 connected to 192.1108.39.69 port 5201 [ ID] Interval Transfer Bandwidth Retr Cwnd [ 4] 0.00-1.00 sec 235 MBytes 1.97 Gbits/sec 32 609 KBytes [ 4] 1.00-2.00 sec 230 MBytes 1.93 Gbits/sec 21 670 KBytes [ 4] 2.00-3.00 sec 159 MBytes 1.33 Gbits/sec 19 635 KBytes [ 4] 3.00-4.00 sec 235 MBytes 1.97 Gbits/sec 7 686 KBytes [ 4] 4.00-5.00 sec 229 MBytes 1.92 Gbits/sec 86 757 KBytes [ 4] 5.00-6.00 sec 206 MBytes 1.73 Gbits/sec 6 537 KBytes [ 4] 6.00-7.00 sec 210 MBytes 1.76 Gbits/sec 5 556 KBytes [ 4] 7.00-8.00 sec 235 MBytes 1.97 Gbits/sec 10 617 KBytes [ 4] 8.00-9.00 sec 245 MBytes 2.06 Gbits/sec 11 670 KBytes [ 4] 9.00-10.00 sec 234 MBytes 1.96 Gbits/sec 10 713 KBytes - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - [ ID] Interval Transfer Bandwidth Retr [ 4] 0.00-10.00 sec 2.17 GBytes 1.86 Gbits/sec 207 sender [ 4] 0.00-10.00 sec 2.16 GBytes 1.86 Gbits/sec receiver
获得帮助
执行以下命令：
$ man iperf $ iperf --help
Usage: iperf [-s|-c host] [options]
iperf [-h|--help] [-v|--version]
Client/Server:
-f, --format [kmKM] format to report: Kbits, Mbits, KBytes, MBytes
-i, --interval # seconds between periodic bandwidth reports
-l, --len #[KM] length of buffer to read or write (default 8 KB)
-m, --print_mss print TCP maximum segment size (MTU - TCP/IP header)
-o, --output <filename> output the report or error message to this specified file
-p, --port # server port to listen on/connect to
-u, --udp use UDP rather than TCP
-w, --window #[KM] TCP window size (socket buffer size)
-B, --bind <host> bind to <host>, an interface or multicast address
-C, --compatibility for use with older versions does not sent extra msgs
-M, --mss # set TCP maximum segment size (MTU - 40 bytes)
-N, --nodelay set TCP no delay, disabling Nagle's Algorithm
-V, --IPv6Version Set the domain to IPv6
Server specific:
-s, --server run in server mode
-U, --single_udp run in single threaded UDP mode
-D, --daemon run the server as a daemon
Client specific:
-b, --bandwidth #[KM] for UDP, bandwidth to send at in bits/sec
(default 1 Mbit/sec, implies -u)
-c, --client <host> run in client mode, connecting to <host>
-d, --dualtest Do a bidirectional test simultaneously
-n, --num #[KM] number of bytes to transmit (instead of -t)
-r, --tradeoff Do a bidirectional test individually
-t, --time # time in seconds to transmit for (default 10 secs)
-F, --fileinput <name> input the data to be transmitted from a file
-I, --stdin input the data to be transmitted from stdin
-L, --listenport # port to receive bidirectional tests back on
-P, --parallel # number of parallel client threads to run
-T, --ttl # time-to-live, for multicast (default 1)
-Z, --linux-congestion <algo> set TCP congestion control algorithm (Linux only)
Miscellaneous:
-x, --reportexclude [CDMSV] exclude C(connection) D(data) M(multicast) S(settings) V(server) reports
-y, --reportstyle C report as a Comma-Separated Values
-h, --help print this message and quit
-v, --version print version information and quit
[KM] Indicates options that support a K or M suffix for kilo- or mega
The TCP window size option can be set by the environment variable
TCP_WINDOW_SIZE. Most other options can be set by an environment variable
IPERF_<long option name>, such as IPERF_BANDWIDTH.
