Linux 如何对指定路径下的所有文件执行 for-each 循环？
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How to perform a for-each loop over all the files under a specified path?
提问by 0x90
The following command attempts to enumerate all *.txtfiles in the current directory and process them one by one:
以下命令尝试枚举*.txt当前目录中的所有文件并一一处理：
for line in "find . -iname '*.txt'"; do
echo $line
ls -l $line;
done
Why do I get the following error?:
为什么会出现以下错误？：
ls: invalid option -- 'e'
Try `ls --help' for more information.
采纳答案by dogbane
Here is a better way to loop over files as it handles spaces and newlines in file names:
这是循环文件的更好方法，因为它处理文件名中的空格和换行符：
find . -type f -iname "*.txt" -print0 | while IFS= read -r -d $'for line in $(find . -iname '*.txt'); do
echo $line
ls -l $line;
done
' line; do
echo "$line"
ls -l "$line"
done
回答by Jens Erat
Use command substitutioninstead of quotes to execute find instead of passing the command as a string:
使用命令替换而不是引号来执行 find 而不是将命令作为字符串传递：
for line in $(find . -iname '*.txt'); do
echo "$line"
ls -l "$line"
done
回答by Veger
The for-loop will iterate over each (space separated) entry on the provided string.
该for-loop将遍历所提供的串中的每个（空格分隔）条目。
You do not actually execute the findcommand, but provide it is as string (which gets iterated by the for-loop).
Instead of the double quotes use either backticks or $():
您实际上并未执行该find命令，而是将其作为字符串提供（由for-loop进行迭代）。而不是双引号使用反引号或$()：
ls -l -iname
Furthermore, if your file paths/names contains spaces this method fails (since the for-loop iterates over space separated entries). Instead it is better to use the method described in dogbanes answer.
此外，如果您的文件路径/名称包含空格，则此方法将失败（因为for-loop 遍历空格分隔的条目）。相反，最好使用dogbanes answer 中描述的方法。
To clarify your error:
澄清你的错误：
As said, for line in "find . -iname '*.txt'";iterates over all space separated entries, which are:
如前所述，for line in "find . -iname '*.txt'";迭代所有空格分隔的条目，它们是：
- find
- .
- -iname
- '*.txt' (I think...)
- 找
- .
- -我的名字
- '*.txt'（我认为...）
The first two do not result in an error (besides the undesired behavior), but the third is problematic as it executes:
前两个不会导致错误（除了不希望的行为），但第三个在执行时有问题：
find . -iname '*.txt' -exec sh -c 'echo "{}" ; ls -l "{}"' \;
A lot of (bash) commands can combine single character options, so -inameis the same as -i -n -a -m -e. And voila: your invalid option -- 'e'error!
许多 (bash) 命令可以组合单字符选项，因此-iname与-i -n -a -m -e. 瞧：你的invalid option -- 'e'错误！
回答by jserras
More compact version working with spaces and newlines in the file name:
使用文件名中的空格和换行符的更紧凑的版本：
##代码##