hdparm命令提供了一个命令行界面，以供库存的Linux ATA/IDE设备驱动程序子系统支持的各种硬盘ioctl。
某些选项可能仅在最新的内核中才能正常工作。

获取硬盘信息您可以安全地使用hdparm获取硬盘信息。
例如，尝试使用以下命令来获取有关SCSI硬盘的信息(以root用户身份登录)：

hdparm /dev/s

da

或获取详细信息：

hdparm I /dev/hda

输出：

/dev/hdb:

ATA device, with non-removable media
Model Number:       SAMSUNG SP0822N                      
Serial Number:      S06QJ10Y123456   
Firmware Revision:  WA100-31
Standards:
Used: ATA/ATAPI-6 T13 1410D revision 1
Supported: 7 6 5 4 & some of 7
Configuration:
Logical  max current
cylinders 16383 65535
heads  16 1
sectors/track 63 63
-
CHS current addressable sectors:    4128705
LBA    user addressable sectors:  156368016
LBA48  user addressable sectors:  156368016
device size with M = 1024*1024:       76351 MBytes
device size with M = 1000*1000:       80060 MBytes (80 GB)
Capabilities:
LBA, IORDY(can be disabled)
Queue depth: 1
Standby timer values: spec'd by Standard, no device specific minimum
R/W multiple sector transfer: Max = 16 Current = ?
Recommended acoustic management value: 254, current value: 0
DMA: mdma0 mdma1 mdma2 udma0 udma1 *udma2 udma3 udma4 udma5
    Cycle time: min=120ns recommended=120ns
PIO: pio0 pio1 pio2 pio3 pio4
    Cycle time: no flow control=120ns  IORDY flow control=120ns
Commands/features:
Enabled Supported:
NOP cmd
  * READ BUFFER cmd
  * WRITE BUFFER cmd
  * Host Protected Area feature set
  * Look-ahead
  * Write cache
  * Power Management feature set
Security Mode feature set
SMART feature set
  * FLUSH CACHE EXT command
  * Mandatory FLUSH CACHE command
  * Device Configuration Overlay feature set
  * 48-bit Address feature set
Automatic Acoustic Management feature set
SET MAX security extension
  * DOWNLOAD MICROCODE cmd
  * SMART self-test
  * SMART error logging
Security:
Master password revision code = 65534
supported
not enabled
not locked
not frozen
not expired: security count
supported: enhanced erase
50min for SECURITY ERASE UNIT. 50min for ENHANCED SECURITY ERASE UNIT.
HW reset results:
CBLID- below Vih
Device num = 1 determined by the jumper
Checksum: correct

您还可以找出硬盘读取或写入(缓存)数据的速度。
运行以下命令2-3次以获得有意义的结果：

hdparm tT /dev/hda

输出：

/dev/hda:
Timing cached reads:   1008 MB in  2.00 seconds = 502.96 MB/sec
Timing buffered disk reads:   54 MB in  3.09 seconds =  17.46 MB/sec

设置硬盘参数设置参数可能很危险。
您的OS/Linux内核经过优化，可以自动检测大多数硬盘的正确设置。
不要尝试使用hdparm命令设置新值。
错误的参数可能会导致数据丢失和/或损坏。
阅读所有选项的hdparm手册页。
您可以在Debian Linux下使用/etc/hdparm.conf来配置硬盘。
在RedHat Linux下，尝试/etc/sysconfig/harddisk文件。

注意：请勿修改以上文件，请保留文件原样，除非您确切知道自己在做什么。