Android Location API跟踪您当前的位置
Android Location API可用于跟踪您的移动设备当前位置并在应用程序中显示。
在本教程中,我们将开发一个应用程序,该程序可以以编程方式获取用户的当前位置。
Android Location API
有两种方法可以在应用程序中获取用户位置:
android.location.LocationListener:这是Android API的一部分。
com.google.android.gms.location.LocationListener:它存在于Google Play服务API中。
(我们将在下一个教程中对此进行研究)
从Android API 1开始提供Android定位服务。
Google正式建议使用Google Play定位服务API。
Android Location Services API仍用于为不支持Google Play服务的设备开发基于位置的应用。
LocationListener
LocationListener接口是Android Locations API的一部分,用于在位置更改后从LocationManager接收通知。
LocationManager类提供对系统位置服务的访问。
LocationListener类需要实现以下方法。
onLocationChanged(位置位置):位置更改时调用。
onProviderDisabled(String provider):当用户禁用提供程序时调用。
onProviderEnabled(String provider):当用户启用了提供程序时调用。
onStatusChanged(String provider,int status,Bundle extras):当提供者状态更改时调用。
android.location具有两种获取位置数据的方法:
- LocationManager.GPS_PROVIDER:使用卫星确定位置。
根据条件,此提供商可能需要一段时间才能返回位置信息 - LocationManager.NETWORK_PROVIDER:根据附近的基站和WiFi接入点的可用性确定位置。
这比GPS_PROVIDER快
在本教程中,我们将创建一个服务,该服务实现LocationListener类,以通过GPS提供商或者网络提供商定期接收位置更新。
Android Location API项目结构
该项目由一个显示获取位置的MainActivity.java类和一个LocationTrack.java服务类组成。
Android Location APICode
下面定义了activity_main.xml布局。
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <RelativeLayout xmlns:android="https://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" xmlns:tools="https://schemas.android.com/tools" android:id="@+id/activity_main" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="match_parent" android:paddingBottom="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin" android:paddingLeft="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin" android:paddingRight="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin" android:paddingTop="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin" tools:context="com.theitroad.gpslocationtracking.MainActivity"> <Button android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:id="@+id/btn" android:layout_centerInParent="true" android:text="GET LOCATION" </RelativeLayout>
MainActivity.java类在下面定义。
package com.theitroad.gpslocationtracking; import android.annotation.TargetApi; import android.content.DialogInterface; import android.content.pm.PackageManager; import android.os.Build; import android.support.v7.app.AlertDialog; import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity; import android.os.Bundle; import android.util.Log; import android.view.View; import android.widget.Button; import android.widget.Toast; import java.util.ArrayList; import static android.Manifest.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION; import static android.Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION; public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity { private ArrayList permissionsToRequest; private ArrayList permissionsRejected = new ArrayList(); private ArrayList permissions = new ArrayList(); private final static int ALL_PERMISSIONS_RESULT = 101; LocationTrack locationTrack; @Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.activity_main); permissions.add(ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION); permissions.add(ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION); permissionsToRequest = findUnAskedPermissions(permissions); //get the permissions we have asked for before but are not granted.. //we will store this in a global list to access later. if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.M) { if (permissionsToRequest.size() > 0) requestPermissions(permissionsToRequest.toArray(new String[permissionsToRequest.size()]), ALL_PERMISSIONS_RESULT); } Button btn = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btn); btn.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() { @Override public void onClick(View view) { locationTrack = new LocationTrack(MainActivity.this); if (locationTrack.canGetLocation()) { double longitude = locationTrack.getLongitude(); double latitude = locationTrack.getLatitude(); Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), "Longitude:" + Double.toString(longitude) + "\nLatitude:" + Double.toString(latitude), Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); } else { locationTrack.showSettingsAlert(); } } }); } private ArrayList findUnAskedPermissions(ArrayList wanted) { ArrayList result = new ArrayList(); for (String perm : wanted) { if (!hasPermission(perm)) { result.add(perm); } } return result; } private boolean hasPermission(String permission) { if (canMakeSmores()) { if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.M) { return (checkSelfPermission(permission) == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED); } } return true; } private boolean canMakeSmores() { return (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT > Build.VERSION_CODES.LOLLIPOP_MR1); } @TargetApi(Build.VERSION_CODES.M) @Override public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, String[] permissions, int[] grantResults) { switch (requestCode) { case ALL_PERMISSIONS_RESULT: for (String perms : permissionsToRequest) { if (!hasPermission(perms)) { permissionsRejected.add(perms); } } if (permissionsRejected.size() > 0) { if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.M) { if (shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale(permissionsRejected.get(0))) { showMessageOKCancel("These permissions are mandatory for the application. Please allow access.", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() { @Override public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) { if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.M) { requestPermissions(permissionsRejected.toArray(new String[permissionsRejected.size()]), ALL_PERMISSIONS_RESULT); } } }); return; } } } break; } } private void showMessageOKCancel(String message, DialogInterface.OnClickListener okListener) { new AlertDialog.Builder(MainActivity.this) .setMessage(message) .setPositiveButton("OK", okListener) .setNegativeButton("Cancel", null) .create() .show(); } @Override protected void onDestroy() { super.onDestroy(); locationTrack.stopListener(); } }
在以上代码中,我们正在实现Android 6.0+设备中使用的运行时权限。
我们在AndroidManifest.xml文件中添加了ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION和ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION权限。
单击按钮将调用LocationTrack.java服务类。
如果对于GPS Provider,返回的位置为NULL,则从不久将要看到的LocationTrack.java类中调用showSettingsAlert()
方法。
当活动被破坏时,将调用stopLocationTrack()方法来关闭位置更新。
LocationTrack.java
类在下面定义。
public class LocationTrack extends Service implements LocationListener { private final Context mContext; boolean checkGPS = false; boolean checkNetwork = false; boolean canGetLocation = false; Location loc; double latitude; double longitude; private static final long MIN_DISTANCE_CHANGE_FOR_UPDATES = 10; private static final long MIN_TIME_BW_UPDATES = 1000 * 60 * 1; protected LocationManager locationManager; public LocationTrack(Context mContext) { this.mContext = mContext; getLocation(); } private Location getLocation() { try { locationManager = (LocationManager) mContext .getSystemService(LOCATION_SERVICE); //get GPS status checkGPS = locationManager .isProviderEnabled(LocationManager.GPS_PROVIDER); //get network provider status checkNetwork = locationManager .isProviderEnabled(LocationManager.NETWORK_PROVIDER); if (!checkGPS && !checkNetwork) { Toast.makeText(mContext, "No Service Provider is available", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); } else { this.canGetLocation = true; //if GPS Enabled get lat/long using GPS Services if (checkGPS) { if (ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission(mContext, Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED && ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission(mContext, Manifest.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) { //TODO: Consider calling // ActivityCompat#requestPermissions //here to request the missing permissions, and then overriding // public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, String[] permissions, // int[] grantResults) //to handle the case where the user grants the permission. See the documentation //for ActivityCompat#requestPermissions for more details. } locationManager.requestLocationUpdates( LocationManager.GPS_PROVIDER, MIN_TIME_BW_UPDATES, MIN_DISTANCE_CHANGE_FOR_UPDATES, this); if (locationManager != null) { loc = locationManager .getLastKnownLocation(LocationManager.GPS_PROVIDER); if (loc != null) { latitude = loc.getLatitude(); longitude = loc.getLongitude(); } } } /*if (checkNetwork) { if (ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission(mContext, Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED && ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission(mContext, Manifest.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) { //TODO: Consider calling // ActivityCompat#requestPermissions //here to request the missing permissions, and then overriding // public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, String[] permissions, // int[] grantResults) //to handle the case where the user grants the permission. See the documentation //for ActivityCompat#requestPermissions for more details. } locationManager.requestLocationUpdates( LocationManager.NETWORK_PROVIDER, MIN_TIME_BW_UPDATES, MIN_DISTANCE_CHANGE_FOR_UPDATES, this); if (locationManager != null) { loc = locationManager .getLastKnownLocation(LocationManager.NETWORK_PROVIDER); } if (loc != null) { latitude = loc.getLatitude(); longitude = loc.getLongitude(); } }*/ } } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } return loc; } public double getLongitude() { if (loc != null) { longitude = loc.getLongitude(); } return longitude; } public double getLatitude() { if (loc != null) { latitude = loc.getLatitude(); } return latitude; } public boolean canGetLocation() { return this.canGetLocation; } public void showSettingsAlert() { AlertDialog.Builder alertDialog = new AlertDialog.Builder(mContext); alertDialog.setTitle("GPS is not Enabled!"); alertDialog.setMessage("Do you want to turn on GPS?"); alertDialog.setPositiveButton("Yes", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() { public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) { Intent intent = new Intent(Settings.ACTION_LOCATION_SOURCE_SETTINGS); mContext.startActivity(intent); } }); alertDialog.setNegativeButton("No", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() { public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) { dialog.cancel(); } }); alertDialog.show(); } public void stopListener() { if (locationManager != null) { if (ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission(mContext, Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED && ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission(mContext, Manifest.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) { //TODO: Consider calling // ActivityCompat#requestPermissions //here to request the missing permissions, and then overriding // public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, String[] permissions, // int[] grantResults) //to handle the case where the user grants the permission. See the documentation //for ActivityCompat#requestPermissions for more details. return; } locationManager.removeUpdates(LocationTrack.this); } } @Override public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) { return null; } @Override public void onLocationChanged(Location location) { } @Override public void onStatusChanged(String s, int i, Bundle bundle) { } @Override public void onProviderEnabled(String s) { } @Override public void onProviderDisabled(String s) { } }
从上面的代码得出的推论很少是:
在上面的代码中,在locationManager对象上调用了" isProviderEnabled(String provider)",并用于检查是否启用了GPS/Network Provider。
如果未启用提供者,我们将调用方法showSettingsAlert(),其中显示了启用GPS的提示。
LocationManager类的" requestLocationUpdates(String provider,long minTime,float minDistance,LocationListener listener)"方法用于注册当前活动,该活动由指定的提供者定期通知。
" onLocationChanged"会根据minTime和minDistance(以先到者为准)定期调用。
位置类主持纬度和经度。
要获取当前位置,请使用以下代码段。
在上面的Location对象上,调用getter来存储纬度和经度的双精度值。
然后,将这些双精度值作为Toast消息在屏幕上禁用。
- 要停止位置更新,请在LocationManager实例上调用removeUpdates方法。
在模拟器上运行的上述应用程序的输出为:
我们的仿真器无法提取位置,因此纬度/经度返回0.0。
您可以连接智能手机并以调试模式运行该应用程序以检查您的当前位置。
要在模拟器中模拟GPS位置,我们可以从Android Studio中传递固定的纬度和经度值。
除了模拟器窗口,您还可以看到选项列表。
底部的一个(有三个点)是我们的扩展控件选项。
打开该地址并发送一个虚拟位置。