如何在Linux操作系统上显示已加载的Linux内核模块或设备驱动程序的列表？
您需要使用lsmod程序来显示Linux内核中已加载模块的状态。

Linux内核对所有硬件设备驱动程序使用术语模块。

请注意hatslsmod是一个简单的程序，它很好地格式化了/proc/modules的内容，显示了当前正在加载的内核模块。

使用lsmod，您可以验证是否为特定硬件加载了设备驱动程序。
任何硬件设备仅在加载设备驱动程序后才能工作。

列出或显示已加载的模块

打开终端或登录ssh会话并执行以下命令

$ less /proc/modules

输出示例：

sha1_generic 1759 4 - Live 0xffffffffa059e000
arc4 1274 2 - Live 0xffffffffa0598000
ecb 1841 2 - Live 0xffffffffa0592000
ppp_mppe 5240 2 - Live 0xffffffffa058b000
ppp_async 6245 1 - Live 0xffffffffa0584000
crc_ccitt 1323 1 ppp_async, Live 0xffffffffa057e000
ppp_generic 19291 6 ppp_mppe,ppp_async, Live 0xffffffffa0572000
slhc 4003 1 ppp_generic, Live 0xffffffffa056c000
ext3 106854 1 - Live 0xffffffffa0546000
jbd 37349 1 ext3, Live 0xffffffffa0533000
sha256_generic 8692 2 - Live 0xffffffffa0525000
aes_x86_64 7340 2 - Live 0xffffffffa0517000
aes_generic 25714 1 aes_x86_64, Live 0xffffffffa050b000
....
...
....
ahci 32950 20 - Live 0xffffffffa007b000
libata 133824 3 ata_generic,pata_jmicron,ahci, Live 0xffffffffa0045000
scsi_mod 126901 3 usb_storage,sd_mod,libata, Live 0xffffffffa0012000
thermal 11674 0 - Live 0xffffffffa0009000
thermal_sys 11942 3 video,processor,thermal, Live 0xffffffffa0000000

要查看格式正确的输出，请执行：

$ lsmod

输出示例：

Module                  Size  Used by
sha1_generic            1759  4 
arc4                    1274  2 
ecb                     1841  2 
ppp_mppe                5240  2 
ppp_async               6245  1 
crc_ccitt               1323  1 ppp_async
ppp_generic            19291  6 ppp_mppe,ppp_async
slhc                    4003  1 ppp_generic
ext3                  106854  1 
jbd                    37349  1 ext3
sha256_generic          8692  2 
aes_x86_64              7340  2 
aes_generic            25714  1 aes_x86_64
cbc                     2539  1 
nfsd                  254974  13 
exportfs                3186  1 nfsd
nfs                   241498  0 
lockd                  57651  2 nfsd,nfs
fscache                29882  1 nfs
nfs_acl                 2031  2 nfsd,nfs
auth_rpcgss            33524  2 nfsd,nfs
sunrpc                161756  12 nfsd,nfs,lockd,nfs_acl,auth_rpcgss
fuse                   51020  1 
dm_crypt               10680  1 
it87                   15879  0 
hwmon_vid               1828  1 it87
coretemp                4325  0 
loop                   11799  0 
snd_pcm                60487  0 
usb_storage            40233  0 
i915                  257462  0 
snd_timer              15598  1 snd_pcm
drm_kms_helper         20369  1 i915
snd                    46542  2 snd_pcm,snd_timer
ata_generic             3239  0 
drm                   143120  2 i915,drm_kms_helper
soundcore               4598  1 snd
snd_page_alloc          6265  1 snd_pcm
uhci_hcd               18537  0 
i2c_algo_bit            4209  1 i915
psmouse                49969  0 
ehci_hcd               32145  0 
video                  17445  1 i915
i2c_i801                7830  0 
evdev                   7352  2 
pata_jmicron            2280  0 
pcspkr                  1699  0 
serio_raw               3752  0 
usbcore               123399  4 usb_storage,uhci_hcd,ehci_hcd
i2c_core               15835  5 i915,drm_kms_helper,drm,i2c_algo_bit,i2c_i801
nls_base                6567  1 usbcore
output                  1692  1 video
e1000e                124884  0 
button                  4650  1 i915
processor              29951  0 
ext4                  288755  2 
mbcache                 5050  2 ext3,ext4
jbd2                   67175  1 ext4
crc16                   1319  1 ext4
dm_mod                 53994  6 dm_crypt
raid456                44516  4 
md_mod                 73936  5 raid456
async_raid6_recov       5186  1 raid456
async_pq                3495  2 raid456,async_raid6_recov
raid6_pq               77179  2 async_raid6_recov,async_pq
async_xor               2494  3 raid456,async_raid6_recov,async_pq
xor                     4380  1 async_xor
async_memcpy            1198  2 raid456,async_raid6_recov
async_tx                1750  5 raid456,async_raid6_recov,async_pq,async_xor,async_memcpy
sd_mod                 29953  25 
crc_t10dif              1276  1 sd_mod
ahci                   32950  20 
libata                133824  3 ata_generic,pata_jmicron,ahci
scsi_mod              126901  3 usb_storage,sd_mod,libata
thermal                11674  0 
thermal_sys            11942  3 video,processor,thermal

第一列是模块名称，第二列是模块的大小，即输出格式是模块名称，大小，使用计数，引用模块列表。

查找有关任何模块或驱动程序的更多信息

执行以下命令：

# modinfo driver-Name-Here
# modinfo thermal_sys
# modinfo e1000e

输出示例：

filename:       /lib/modules/2.6.32-5-amd64/kernel/drivers/net/e1000e/e1000e.ko
version:        1.2.20-k2
license:        GPL
description:    Intel(R) PRO/1000 Network Driver
author:         Intel Corporation, <[email protected]>
srcversion:     AB58ACECA1618E521F58503
alias:          pci:v00008086d00001503sv*sd*bc*sc*i*
alias:          pci:v00008086d00001502sv*sd*bc*sc*i*
alias:          pci:v00008086d000010F0sv*sd*bc*sc*i*
alias:          pci:v00008086d000010EFsv*sd*bc*sc*i*
alias:          pci:v00008086d000010EBsv*sd*bc*sc*i*
alias:          pci:v00008086d000010EAsv*sd*bc*sc*i*
alias:          pci:v00008086d00001525sv*sd*bc*sc*i*
alias:          pci:v00008086d000010DFsv*sd*bc*sc*i*
alias:          pci:v00008086d000010DEsv*sd*bc*sc*i*
alias:          pci:v00008086d000010CEsv*sd*bc*sc*i*
alias:          pci:v00008086d000010CDsv*sd*bc*sc*i*
alias:          pci:v00008086d000010CCsv*sd*bc*sc*i*
alias:          pci:v00008086d000010CBsv*sd*bc*sc*i*
alias:          pci:v00008086d000010F5sv*sd*bc*sc*i*
alias:          pci:v00008086d000010BFsv*sd*bc*sc*i*
alias:          pci:v00008086d000010E5sv*sd*bc*sc*i*
alias:          pci:v00008086d0000294Csv*sd*bc*sc*i*
alias:          pci:v00008086d000010BDsv*sd*bc*sc*i*
alias:          pci:v00008086d000010C3sv*sd*bc*sc*i*
alias:          pci:v00008086d000010C2sv*sd*bc*sc*i*
alias:          pci:v00008086d000010C0sv*sd*bc*sc*i*
alias:          pci:v00008086d00001501sv*sd*bc*sc*i*
alias:          pci:v00008086d00001049sv*sd*bc*sc*i*
alias:          pci:v00008086d0000104Dsv*sd*bc*sc*i*
alias:          pci:v00008086d0000104Bsv*sd*bc*sc*i*
alias:          pci:v00008086d0000104Asv*sd*bc*sc*i*
alias:          pci:v00008086d000010C4sv*sd*bc*sc*i*
alias:          pci:v00008086d000010C5sv*sd*bc*sc*i*
alias:          pci:v00008086d0000104Csv*sd*bc*sc*i*
alias:          pci:v00008086d000010BBsv*sd*bc*sc*i*
alias:          pci:v00008086d00001098sv*sd*bc*sc*i*
alias:          pci:v00008086d000010BAsv*sd*bc*sc*i*
alias:          pci:v00008086d00001096sv*sd*bc*sc*i*
alias:          pci:v00008086d0000150Csv*sd*bc*sc*i*
alias:          pci:v00008086d000010F6sv*sd*bc*sc*i*
alias:          pci:v00008086d000010D3sv*sd*bc*sc*i*
alias:          pci:v00008086d0000109Asv*sd*bc*sc*i*
alias:          pci:v00008086d0000108Csv*sd*bc*sc*i*
alias:          pci:v00008086d0000108Bsv*sd*bc*sc*i*
alias:          pci:v00008086d0000107Fsv*sd*bc*sc*i*
alias:          pci:v00008086d0000107Esv*sd*bc*sc*i*
alias:          pci:v00008086d0000107Dsv*sd*bc*sc*i*
alias:          pci:v00008086d000010B9sv*sd*bc*sc*i*
alias:          pci:v00008086d000010D5sv*sd*bc*sc*i*
alias:          pci:v00008086d000010DAsv*sd*bc*sc*i*
alias:          pci:v00008086d000010D9sv*sd*bc*sc*i*
alias:          pci:v00008086d00001060sv*sd*bc*sc*i*
alias:          pci:v00008086d000010A5sv*sd*bc*sc*i*
alias:          pci:v00008086d000010BCsv*sd*bc*sc*i*
alias:          pci:v00008086d000010A4sv*sd*bc*sc*i*
alias:          pci:v00008086d0000105Fsv*sd*bc*sc*i*
alias:          pci:v00008086d0000105Esv*sd*bc*sc*i*
depends:        
vermagic:       2.6.32-5-amd64 SMP mod_unload modversions 
parm:           copybreak:Maximum size of packet that is copied to a new buffer on receive (uint)
parm:           TxIntDelay:Transmit Interrupt Delay (array of int)
parm:           TxAbsIntDelay:Transmit Absolute Interrupt Delay (array of int)
parm:           RxIntDelay:Receive Interrupt Delay (array of int)
parm:           RxAbsIntDelay:Receive Absolute Interrupt Delay (array of int)
parm:           InterruptThrottleRate:Interrupt Throttling Rate (array of int)
parm:           IntMode:Interrupt Mode (array of int)
parm:           SmartPowerDownEnable:Enable PHY smart power down (array of int)
parm:           KumeranLockLoss:Enable Kumeran lock loss workaround (array of int)
parm:           WriteProtectNVM:Write-protect NVM [WARNING: disabling this can lead to corrupted NVM] (array of int)
parm:           CrcStripping:Enable CRC Stripping, disable if your BMC needs the CRC (array of int)

Linux中是否存在用于存储驱动程序文件的标准目录？

执行以下命令以查看驱动程序文件所在的目录位置：

echo "Kernel drivers dir: \"/lib/modules/$(uname -r)/kernel/drivers/\" \
for Linux kernel version \"$(uname -r)\" "

要查看驱动程序，请执行：

ls -l /lib/modules/$(uname -r)/kernel/drivers/

输出示例：

acpi	    block      dca	 fmc   hv	  infiniband  lightnvm	 memstick  net	   parport   power     regulator   ssb		uio    virtio
ata	    bluetooth  dma	 fpga  hwmon	  input       macintosh  message   nfc	   pci	     powercap  remoteproc  staging	usb    vme
atm	    char       edac	 gpio  hwtracing  iommu       mailbox	 mfd	   ntb	   pcmcia    pps       rtc	   target	uwb    w1
auxdisplay  clk        extcon	 gpu   i2c	  ipack       mcb	 misc	   nvdimm  phy	     ptp       scsi	   thermal	vfio   watchdog
base	    cpufreq    firewire  hid   idle	  isdn	      md	 mmc	   nvme    pinctrl   pwm       spi	   thunderbolt	vhost  xen
bcma	    crypto     firmware  hsi   iio	  leds	      media	 mtd	   nvmem   platform  rapidio   spmi	   tty		video

如何确定是否安装了特定的模块/驱动程序？

语法为：

$ find /lib/modules/$(uname -r)/kernel/drivers/ -iname "driver-to-search-here"

要确定是否安装了名为foo.ko的驱动程序，请运行：

$ find /lib/modules/$(uname -r)/kernel/drivers/ -iname "foo.ko"

查找是否已安装e1000e驱动程序：

$ find /lib/modules/$(uname -r)/kernel/drivers/ -iname "*e1000e*.ko"
$ find /lib/modules/$(uname -r)/kernel/drivers/ -iname "e1000e.ko"

在驱动程序名称上运行modinfo：

$ modinfo e1000e