Html rvest 如何通过 id 选择特定的 css 节点
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rvest how to select a specific css node by id
提问by Vegebird
I'm trying to use the rvest package to scrape data from a web page. In a simple format, the html code looks like this:
我正在尝试使用 rvest 包从网页中抓取数据。以简单的格式,html 代码如下所示:
<div class="style">
<input id="a" value="123">
<input id="b">
</div>
I want to get the value 123 from the first input. I tried the following R code:
我想从第一个输入中获取值 123。我尝试了以下 R 代码:
library(rvest)
url<-"xxx"
output<-html_nodes(url, ".style input")
This will return a list of input tags:
这将返回输入标签列表:
[[1]]
<input id="a" value="123">
[[2]]
<input id="b">
Next I tried using html_node to reference the first input tag by id:
接下来我尝试使用 html_node 通过 id 引用第一个输入标签:
html_node(output, "#a")
Here it returned a list of nulls instead of the input tag I want.
这里它返回了一个空值列表,而不是我想要的输入标签。
[[1]]
NULL
[[2]]
NULL
My question is, how can I reference the input tag using its id?
我的问题是,如何使用其 id 引用输入标签?
回答by Rentrop
You can use xpath:
您可以使用 xpath:
require(rvest)
text <- '<div class="style">
<input id="a" value="123">
<input id="b">
</div>'
h <- read_html(text)
h %>%
html_nodes(xpath = '//*[@id="a"]') %>%
xml_attr("value")
The easiest way to get css- and xpath-selector is to use http://selectorgadget.com/.
For a specific attribute like yours use chrome's developer toolbar to get the xpath as follows:
获取 css- 和 xpath-selector 的最简单方法是使用http://selectorgadget.com/。对于像您这样的特定属性,请使用 chrome 的开发人员工具栏来获取 xpath,如下所示:
回答by hrbrmstr
This will work just fine with straight CSS selectors:
这适用于直接的 CSS 选择器:
library(rvest)
doc <- '<div class="style">
<input id="a" value="123">
<input id="b">
</div>'
pg <- html(doc)
html_attr(html_nodes(pg, "div > input:first-of-type"), "value")
## [1] "123"
回答by arvi1000
Adding an answer bc I don't see the easy css selector shorthand for selecting by id: using #your_id_name
:
添加答案 bc 我没有看到用于按 id 选择的简单 css 选择器简写:使用#your_id_name
:
h %>%
html_node('#a') %>%
html_attr('value')
which outputs "123" as desired.
根据需要输出“123”。
Same setup as the others:
与其他设置相同:
require(rvest)
text <- '<div class="style">
<input id="a" value="123">
<input id="b">
</div>'
h <- read_html(text)