如何使用APT-GET命令行工具升级Ubuntu/debian/linux mint上的单个包装？
通过运行命令，升级Ubuntu/Debian上的包的最常用方式 sudo apt-get upgrade。
此问题的问题是所有已安装的包都将升级到已配置的Ubuntu存储库中可用的最新版本。

如果要升级单个包装，该怎么办 apt-get在Ubuntu或者Debian机器上？
如果我们害怕升级所有内容，则这是相关的。

使用apt-get升级Ubuntu/Debian上的单个安装包

要升级单个包，请在任何Ubuntu/debian基于Ubuntu/debian系统上升级单个包，使用语法：

sudo apt-get install --only-upgrade packagename

这将适用于所有Ubuntu，Debian和Linux Mint系统。
代替 packagename使用我们要升级的包的名称。

查看以下示例以升级 ubuntu-keyring。

$sudo apt-get install --only-upgrade ubuntu-keyring
 Reading package lists… Done
 Building dependency tree       
 Reading state information… Done
 The following packages will be upgraded:
   ubuntu-keyring
 1 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 190 not upgraded.
 Need to get 22.4 kB of archives.
 After this operation, 4,096 B of additional disk space will be used.
 Get:1 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-updates/main amd64 ubuntu-keyring all 2016.09.18.1~18.04.0 [22.4 kB]
 Fetched 22.4 kB in 1s (34.5 kB/s)   
 (Reading database … 261497 files and directories currently installed.)
 Preparing to unpack …/ubuntu-keyring_2016.09.18.1~18.04.0_all.deb …
 Unpacking ubuntu-keyring (2016.09.18.1~18.04.0) over (2016.02.28) …
 Setting up ubuntu-keyring (2016.09.18.1~18.04.0) …

升级Ubuntu/Debian/Linux Mint上的多个包

要升级多个包，请将它们分开。

sudo apt-get install --only-upgrade thunderbird cinnamon cinnamon-common

如果要升级所有已安装的包，请使用命令：

sudo apt-get upgrade

用脚本升级Ubuntu上的单个包/多个包

我们可以创建一个简单的脚本，我们将通过包将包名称传递为每次要升级单个包，以Apt-get on Ubuntu或者Debian系统升级。

创建一个脚本 /usr/local/bin/myupgrade内容以下。

#!/bin/bash
pakage_names="Hyman@theitroad"
[[ -z $pakage_names ]] && { echo "Usage: $(basename 
sudo chmod +x /usr/local/bin/myupgrade
) package1 package 2 package.."; exit 1; }
# Check if package is already installed
for package in ${pakage_names[@]}; do
    if dpkg -s "$package" 2>/dev/null | grep -q Status.*installed; then
        echo "Attempting to upgrade $package"
        sudo apt-get --only-upgrade -y install $package
    else
        echo "Package $package is not installed, install it (y/n): "
        read selection
        if [[ $selection == "y" ]] || [[ $selection == "Y" ]]; then
            sudo apt-get -y install $package
        else
            echo "Okay!, next time"
        fi
    fi
done

给脚本执行位。

$myupgrade
Usage: myupgrade package1 package 2 package..

我们必须将参数传递给脚本以升级包。

$myupgrade  util-linux
Attempting to upgrade util-linux
[sudo] password for jmutai:         
Reading package lists… Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information… Done
Suggested packages:
   util-linux-locales
The following packages will be upgraded:
   util-linux
1 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 182 not upgraded.
Need to get 902 kB of archives.
After this operation, 0 B of additional disk space will be used.
Get:1 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-updates/main amd64 util-linux amd64 2.31.1-0.4ubuntu3.3 [902 kB]
 Fetched 902 kB in 2s (518 kB/s)     
 (Reading database … 261497 files and directories currently installed.)
 Preparing to unpack …/util-linux_2.31.1-0.4ubuntu3.3_amd64.deb …
 Unpacking util-linux (2.31.1-0.4ubuntu3.3) over (2.31.1-0.4ubuntu3.2) …
 Setting up util-linux (2.31.1-0.4ubuntu3.3) …
 Processing triggers for mime-support (3.60ubuntu1) …
 Processing triggers for ureadahead (0.100.0-20) …
 Processing triggers for systemd (237-3ubuntu10.9) …
 Processing triggers for man-db (2.8.3-2ubuntu0.1) …

要升级单个包，请在最后传递单个参数

$myupgrade nplan openssl perl

对于多个包，提供由空间分隔的名称。

$myupgrade elinks
 Package elinks is not installed, install it (y/n)
 y
 Reading package lists… Done
 Building dependency tree       
 Reading state information… Done
 The following additional packages will be installed:
   elinks-data libfsplib0 liblua5.1-0 libtre5
 Suggested packages:
   elinks-doc tre-agrep
 The following NEW packages will be installed:
   elinks elinks-data libfsplib0 liblua5.1-0 libtre5
 0 upgraded, 5 newly installed, 0 to remove and 169 not upgraded.
 Need to get 1,062 kB of archives.
.....

如果尚未安装包，则脚本将询问我们是否要安装它。
按"Y"或者"Y"确认。