如何使用Fedora/RHEL 8模块化存储库
时间：2020-02-23 14:31:02 来源:igfitidea点击:
Fedora 29,28/RHEL 8带有ModularityRepository功能，该功能使我们可以通过Application Stream(也称为AppStream)在独立的生命周期上安装其他版本的软件。这使我们可以保持操作系统最新，同时拥有适合我们使用情况的正确版本的应用程序。
dnf子命令模块用于在支持该功能的Fedora系统上管理模块存储库。请参阅以下示例，了解如何使用FedoraModular存储库。
列出可用模块
要列出所有模块流，它们的概要文件和状态(启用，禁用，默认)，请运行以下命令：
# dnf module list
我们将获得类似于以下内容的输出：
Fedora Modular 29 - x86_64 Name Stream Profiles Summary ant 1.10 default [d] Java build tool avocado latest minimal, default Framework with tools and libraries for Automated Testing avocado stable minimal, default Framework with tools and libraries for Automated Testing container-tools 2016.0 default Common tools and dependencies for container runtimes container-tools 2016.0 default Common tools and dependencies for container runtimes cri-o 1.11 default Kubernetes Container Runtime Interface for OCI-based containers cri-o 2016.0 default Kubernetes Container Runtime Interface for OCI-based containers cri-o 2016.0 default Kubernetes Container Runtime Interface for OCI-based containers django 1.6 python2_development, default [d] A high-level Python Web framework docker 2016.0 default Module for docker runtime and docker-distribution dwm 6.0 user, default [d] Dynamic window manager for X dwm 6.1 [d] user, default [d] Dynamic window manager for X dwm latest user, default [d] Dynamic window manager for X eog master default Eye of GNOME Application Module flatpak-runtime f29 sdk-base, buildroot, sdk, runtime, runtime-base Flatpak Runtime gcsf master default FUSE file system based on Google Drive gimp 2.10 devel, default GIMP golang 1.10 default The Go Programming Language golang-ecosystem 2016.0 default The ecosystem of packages for the Go programming language golang-ecosystem 2016.0 default The ecosystem of packages for the Go programming language hub pre-release default A command-line wrapper for git with github shortcuts kubernetes 1.10 default Container cluster management kubernetes openshift-3.10 default OpenShift Container Management libgit2 0.26 Library implementation of Git libgit2 0.27 Library implementation of Git lizardfs devel Distributed, fault tolerant file system mariadb 10.1 client, server, default MariaDB Module maven 3.5 default [d] Java project management and project comprehension tool meson master default The Meson Build system mongodb 3.4 client, server, default MongoDB Module mongodb 3.6 client, server, default MongoDB Module mysql 5.7 client, server, default MySQL Module ninja master default Small build system with a focus on speed nodejs 10 development, minimal, default Javascript runtime nodejs 8 development, minimal, default [d] Javascript runtime perl 5.24 minimal, default Practical Extraction and Report Language perl 5.26 minimal, default Practical Extraction and Report Language perl-bootstrap 5.24 Perl bootstrap module for bootrapping Perl module perl-bootstrap 5.26 Perl bootstrap module for bootrapping Perl module pki 10.6 default Dogtag PKI postgresql 9.6 client, server, default PostgreSQL module reviewboard 2.5 server, default [d] A web-based code review tool reviewboard 3.0 server, default [d] A web-based code review tool ripgrep master default Line oriented search tool using Rust's regex library scala 2.10 default A hybrid functional/object-oriented language for the JVM stratis 1 [d] default [d] Stratis Storage stratis master default Stratis Storage testmodule master default A test module in all its beautiful beauty ........
要显示有关特定模块的信息，请提供名称作为上一个命令的参数：
# dnf module list kubernetes Last metadata expiration check: 0:33:58 ago on Sat 03 Nov 2016 02:02:06 PM UTC. Fedora Modular 29 - x86_64 Name Stream Profiles Summary kubernetes 1.10 default Container cluster management kubernetes openshift-3.10 default OpenShift Container Management Fedora Modular 29 - x86_64 - Updates Name Stream Profiles Summary kubernetes 1.10 default Container cluster management kubernetes openshift-3.10 default OpenShift Container Management Hint: [d]efault [e]nabled, [x]disabled, [i]nstalled
安装模块配置文件
安装模块的语法为：
# dnf [options] module install <module_spec>...
首先获取模块流，例如：
# dnf module list mongodb Last metadata expiration check: 0:39:49 ago on Sat 03 Nov 2016 02:02:06 PM UTC. Fedora Modular 29 - x86_64 Name Stream Profiles Summary mongodb 3.4 client, server, default MongoDB Module mongodb 3.6 client, server, default MongoDB Module Fedora Modular 29 - x86_64 - Updates Name Stream Profiles Summary mongodb 3.4 client, server, default MongoDB Module mongodb 3.6 client, server, default MongoDB Module
我们可以看到模块mongodb具有两个流，一个用于MongoDB 3.4，另一个用于3.6. 要安装MongoDB，请运行3.6.
# dnf module install mongodb:3.6/default Last metadata expiration check: 0:42:02 ago on Sat 03 Nov 2016 02:02:06 PM UTC. Dependencies resolved. ====================================================================================================================================================== Package Arch Version Repository Size ====================================================================================================================================================== Installing group/module packages: mongodb x86_64 3.6.4-2.module_1831+e8c1cdcd fedora-modular 26 M mongodb-server x86_64 3.6.4-2.module_1831+e8c1cdcd fedora-modular 22 M Installing dependencies: boost-filesystem x86_64 1.66.0-14.fc29 fedora 52 k boost-iostreams x86_64 1.66.0-14.fc29 fedora 43 k boost-program-options x86_64 1.66.0-14.fc29 fedora 145 k boost-system x86_64 1.66.0-14.fc29 fedora 22 k gperftools-libs x86_64 2.7-3.fc29 fedora 304 k libstemmer x86_64 0-11.585svn.fc29 fedora 72 k libunwind x86_64 1.2.1-6.fc29 fedora 61 k pcre-cpp x86_64 8.42-4.fc29 fedora 27 k snappy x86_64 1.1.7-6.fc29 fedora 33 k yaml-cpp x86_64 0.6.1-4.fc29 fedora 163 k Installing module profiles: mongodb/default Enabling module streams: mongodb 3.6 Transaction Summary ====================================================================================================================================================== Install 12 Packages Total download size: 48 M Installed size: 146 M Is this ok [y/N]: y
通过执行确认安装。安装后，我们可以使用rpm命令确认软件包版本。
# rpm -qi mongodb-server Name : mongodb-server Version : 3.6.4 Release : 2.module_1831+e8c1cdcd Architecture: x86_64 Install Date: Sat 03 Nov 2016 02:46:49 PM UTC Group : Applications/Databases Size : 69489417 License : AGPLv3 and zlib and ASL 2.0 Signature : RSA/SHA256, Fri 01 Jun 2016 03:01:17 PM UTC, Key ID a20aa56b429476b4 Source RPM : mongodb-3.6.4-2.module_1831+e8c1cdcd.src.rpm Build Date : Fri 01 Jun 2016 10:41:49 AM UTC Build Host : buildvm-21.phx2.fedoraproject.org Relocations : (not relocatable) Packager : Fedora Project Vendor : Fedora Project URL : http://www.mongodb.org Bug URL : https://bugz.fedoraproject.org/mongodb Summary : MongoDB server, sharding server and support scripts Description : This package provides the mongo server software, mongo sharding server software, default configuration files, and init scripts.
要降级到MongoDB 3.4，我们需要安装3.4模块
# dnf module install mongodb:3.4/default Last metadata expiration check: 0:52:06 ago on Sat 03 Nov 2016 02:02:06 PM UTC. Dependencies resolved. ====================================================================================================================================================== Package Arch Version Repository Size ====================================================================================================================================================== Installing dependencies: boost-chrono x86_64 1.66.0-14.fc29 fedora 27 k boost-regex x86_64 1.66.0-14.fc29 fedora 286 k boost-thread x86_64 1.66.0-14.fc29 fedora 62 k Downgrading: mongodb x86_64 3.4.11-3.module_1829+95924ba0 fedora-modular 23 M mongodb-server x86_64 3.4.11-3.module_1829+95924ba0 fedora-modular 20 M Switching module streams: mongodb 3.6 -> 3.4 Transaction Summary ====================================================================================================================================================== Install 3 Packages Downgrade 2 Packages Total download size: 43 M Is this ok [y/N]: y
我们应该看到指针3.6-> 3.4指示其降级了。
启用模块流
如果我们具有通过其他外部存储库安装的其他版本，请先将其卸载，然后启用模块
sudo dnf remove mongodb-server sudo dnf module enable mongodb:3.6
这将启用模块流，并使流RPM在程序包集中可用。在启用时会解析并检查模块依赖性，但不会自动启用。 enable命令还可以用于切换模块流
启用模块流
要禁用模块并使所有相关模块流不可用，请使用：
$dnf module disable <module-name>
列出启用的模块流
要列出已启用的模块流，请执行
# dnf module list --enabled Last metadata expiration check: 1:05:33 ago on Sat 03 Nov 2016 02:02:06 PM UTC. Fedora Modular 29 - x86_64 Name Stream Profiles Summary mongodb 3.6 [e] client, server, default [i] MongoDB Module Fedora Modular 29 - x86_64 - Updates Name Stream Profiles Summary mongodb 3.6 [e] client, server, default [i] MongoDB Module Hint: [d]efault, [e]nabled, [x]disabled, [i]nstalled
获取模块流的详细信息
打印有关给定模块流的详细信息的语法为：
# dnf module info <module_spec>
例：
# dnf module info mongodb:3.6
重置模块状态
我们还可以重置模块状态，使其不再启用或者禁用。
# dnf module reset <module_spec>
例：
# dnf module reset mongodb:3.6 Last metadata expiration check: 1:11:26 ago on Sat 03 Nov 2016 02:02:06 PM UTC. Dependencies resolved. ====================================================================================================================================================== Package Arch Version Repository Size ====================================================================================================================================================== Removing module profiles: mongodb/default Resetting module streams: mongodb 3.6 Transaction Summary ====================================================================================================================================================== Is this ok [y/N]: y Complete!
