UNIX/Linux：Rsnapshot还原备份
我已经在Redhat和Debian Linux系统下使用本教程创建了备份服务器。
如何使用rsnapshot备份工具还原文件(例如/var/www/html)？
如何在UNIX或者Linux操作系统下使用rsnapshot恢复MySQL数据库转储？
您可以使用scp或者rsync命令本身还原备份。
您可以只从快照根目录复制所有文件。
每小时备份将比每日备份更新，并且每日备份将比每周备份更新，并且每周备份要比每月备份更新。
Remote location
+------------------------+ Internets
| Backup.theitroad.com | -----------+
+------------------------+ |
+---------+---------+
| Local ISP Router |
+-------------------+
| Lan
+---------+--+---------+--+-------+---+---------------------------------+
| Server1 | | Server2 | | Tomcat| | User desktops and other systems |
+---------+ +---------+ +-------+ +---------------------------------+
Apache MySQL JavaApp
登录到Backup.theitroad.com，执行：
# ssh [email protected]
cd到您的rsnapshot目录：
# cd /.raid/rsnapshot
要列出当前快照，请执行：
# ls -l
输出示例：
drwxr-xr-x 18 root root 4096 Jan 26 00:09 daily.0 drwxr-xr-x 18 root root 4096 Jan 25 00:09 daily.1 drwxr-xr-x 18 root root 4096 Jan 24 00:06 daily.2 drwxr-xr-x 18 root root 4096 Jan 23 00:06 daily.3 drwxr-xr-x 18 root root 4096 Jan 22 00:06 daily.4 drwxr-xr-x 18 root root 4096 Jan 21 00:07 daily.5 drwxr-xr-x 18 root root 4096 Jan 20 00:10 daily.6 drwxr-xr-x 18 root root 4096 Jan 27 08:08 hourly.0 drwxr-xr-x 18 root root 4096 Jan 27 04:08 hourly.1 drwxr-xr-x 18 root root 4096 Jan 27 00:10 hourly.2 drwxr-xr-x 18 root root 4096 Jan 26 20:07 hourly.3 drwxr-xr-x 18 root root 4096 Jan 26 16:07 hourly.4 drwxr-xr-x 18 root root 4096 Jan 26 12:08 hourly.5 drwxr-xr-x 18 root root 4096 Dec 5 00:10 monthly.0 drwxr-xr-x 18 root root 4096 Oct 31 00:10 monthly.1 drwxr-xr-x 18 root root 4096 Oct 3 00:12 monthly.2 drwxr-xr-x 18 root root 4096 Jan 16 00:12 weekly.0 drwxr-xr-x 18 root root 4096 Jan 9 00:12 weekly.1 drwxr-xr-x 18 root root 4096 Jan 2 00:12 weekly.2 drwxr-xr-x 18 root root 4096 Dec 26 00:11 weekly.3
server1的每日备份存储在/.raid/rsnapshot/daily.*/server1/目录中。
要查看最新的每日备份(daily.0)，请执行：
# cd /.raid/rsnapshot/daily.0/server1/ # ls -l
如何从备份服务器本身还原文件？
您可以使用rsync将备份还原到server1，如下所示还原/var/www/html /：
# cd /.raid/rsnapshot/daily.0/server1/var/www/html/ # rsync -avr * [email protected]:/var/www/html/
或者使用scp命令复制选定的文件，例如/var/www/html/db.conf.php：
# scp db.conf.php [email protected]:/var/www/html/
如何从Server2本身还原文件？
您可以使用rsync命令从backup.theitroad.com中还原文件，如下所示。
登录到server2.theitroad.com并执行以下命令：
# cd /var/www/html/ # rsync -avr [email protected]:/.raid/rsnapshot/daily.0/server1/var/www/html/* .
或者使用scp命令复制单个文件，例如/.raid/rsnapshot/daily.0/server1/var/www/html/db1/db.conf.py：
# cd /var/www/html/ # scp [email protected]:/.raid/rsnapshot/daily.0/server1/var/www/html/dir1/db.conf.py .
如何还原MySQL备份？
如果使用此Shell脚本创建mysql快照，则从/.raid/rsnapshot/目录复制数据库转储。
首先，登录backup.theitroad.com并执行以下命令以列出最新的每日(daily.0)备份：
# cd /.raid/rsnapshot/daily.0/mysql/ # ls -l
输出示例：
total 16 drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 Nov 4 2010 mysql1.theitroad.com drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 Nov 4 2010 java1.mysql.theitroad.com drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 Nov 4 2010 mysqlmaster1.vsnl.theitroad.com drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 May 27 2010 mysqlmaster2.bsnl.theitroad.com
要在备份中还原mysql1.theitroad.net。
，请执行：
# cd mysql1.theitroad.com
要列出当前数据库，请执行：
# ls -l
输出示例：
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1631127 Jan 26 00:06 c_sales_final.18_05_18pm.gz -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1286946 Jan 26 00:06 support_wiki.18_05_22pm.gz -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 8153091 Jan 26 00:06 support_forum.18_05_23pm.gz -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 5862770 Jan 26 00:06 accounting.18_05_27pm.gz -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2158235 Jan 26 00:06 www_stats.18_05_31pm.gz -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 415 Jan 26 00:06 information_schema.18_05_18pm.gz -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 15643585 Jan 26 00:06 frontend_apache.18_05_38pm.gz -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 7181723 Jan 26 00:06 wordpress.18_05_47pm.gz
要恢复wordpress.18_05_47pm.gz，请使用scp命令将数据库复制到mysql服务器，即server2.theitroad.com，执行：
# scp wordpress.18_05_47pm.gz [email protected]:/root
从backup.theitroad.com注销，然后登录到server2.theitroad.com。
要解压缩文件，请执行：
# cd /root # gunzip wordpress.18_05_47pm.gz
要恢复mysql备份，请执行：
# mysql -u root -p'YOUR-PASSWORD-HERE' -h locahost YOUR-DB-NAME-HERE < YOUR-BACKUP.sql.FILE-HERE
简而言之，从wordpress.18_05_47pm文件恢复wordpress数据库，执行：
# mysql -u root -p'mySecrete' -h locahost wordpress < wordpress.18_05_47pm
