Linux 更改根文件夹和子文件夹的所有者 (Ubuntu 13.04)
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Change owner of the root folder and subfolders (Ubuntu 13.04)
提问by Mikhail Panteleev
I accidentally set owner of root folder (/) and all subfolders to one user by command
我不小心通过命令将根文件夹（/）和所有子文件夹的所有者设置为一个用户
$ sudo chown -R 'userName' /*
Now I wanna set owner back to root user by command
现在我想通过命令将所有者设置回 root 用户
$ chown -R root:root /*
But I have no permission for this operation. If i use command
但是我没有权限进行这个操作。如果我使用命令
$ sudo chown -R root:root /*
it returns
它返回
sudo: effective uid is not 0, is sudo installed setuid root?
What should I do to fix that?
我该怎么做才能解决这个问题？
回答by hek2mgl
:O I offer my condolence!
:OI 表示哀悼！
The problem is that the sudo binary itself must be owned by root. If you have the root password you could just get root to fix the problem:
问题是 sudo 二进制文件本身必须由 root 拥有。如果你有 root 密码，你可以得到 root 来解决问题：
su
If not, you could boot using a rescue system, mount the partition and
如果没有，您可以使用救援系统启动，挂载分区并
chown root:root /mnt/usr/bin/sudo
or fix the whole problem using the rescue system.
或使用救援系统解决整个问题。
But it will be hard to fix all that ownerships. I would suggest to craft a script that reads the file ownerships from a vanilla installation of your system (having installed the same packages as you) and applies them to the crashed system. (Custom files in the /home/... you'll have to chownyourself) Without such a script it will get really hard but it should be easy to code that
但是很难修复所有这些所有权。我建议制作一个脚本，从系统的 vanilla 安装中读取文件所有权（安装了与您相同的软件包）并将它们应用于崩溃的系统。（ /home/ 中的自定义文件...你必须chown自己）没有这样的脚本会变得非常困难，但应该很容易编写代码
回答by Alfe
You broke your system pretty badly. Next time be more careful using sudo.
你破坏了你的系统。下次使用时要多加小心sudo。
- Now, start your system using a rescue disk, probably your install disk.
- Mount your broken file system in the rescue system.
- Fix the permission/owner stuff.
- Reboot using your original system.
- 现在，使用救援盘启动您的系统，可能是您的安装盘。
- 在救援系统中挂载损坏的文件系统。
- 修复权限/所有者的东西。
- 使用原始系统重新启动。
Depending on how much you changed using that chown, you will have to fix a lotin step 3. You probably might want to have a look at a working proper installation of the same system to find out which user should be the owner of things like /dev/memetc.
根据你使用多么太大的改变chown，你必须解决很多在第3步你可能可能想看看在同一系统的工作正确安装，以找出哪些用户应该是的东西，如业主/dev/mem等.
A re-install of the OS might be faster.
重新安装操作系统可能会更快。
回答by jaypal singh
I am guessing when you ran the first command you also ended up modifying the ownership of the /usr/bin/sudoexecutable.
我猜当您运行第一个命令时，您也最终修改了/usr/bin/sudo可执行文件的所有权。
It is saying that effective UID isn't 0(since root has EUID equal to 0).
据说有效 UID 不是 0 （因为 root 的 EUID 等于 0）。
So try to change owner of /usr/bin/sudo, and then try change the ownership of other files.
所以尝试更改 的所有者/usr/bin/sudo，然后尝试更改其他文件的所有权。
