如何在Fedora 33/32/31/30上安装PostgreSQL 12
时间：2020-02-23 14:32:11 来源:igfitidea点击:
本教程将讨论在Fedora 33/32/31/30上PostgreSQL 12的安装。 PostgreSQL是一种开放源代码数据库服务器，其创建目的是可靠，健壮并适用于注重性能的部署。 PostgreSQL 12已于2019年10月3日发布，具有许多新功能以供一般使用。
让我们开始在Fedora 33/32/31/30上安装PostgreSQL 12.
更新系统
确保系统软件包是最新的：
sudo dnf install -y vim bash-completion wget sudo dnf update -y
由于我们可能具有内核更新，因此建议我们在升级后重新引导系统：
sudo reboot
添加PostgreSQL Yum存储库
通过运行以下命令将PostgreSQL Yum存储库添加到Fedora系统：
Fedora 33：
sudo dnf install https://download.postgresql.org/pub/repos/yum/reporpms/F-33-x86_64/pgdg-fedora-repo-latest.noarch.rpm
Fedora 32：
sudo dnf install https://download.postgresql.org/pub/repos/yum/reporpms/F-32-x86_64/pgdg-fedora-repo-latest.noarch.rpm
Fedora 31：
sudo dnf install https://download.postgresql.org/pub/repos/yum/reporpms/F-31-x86_64/pgdg-fedora-repo-latest.noarch.rpm
Fedora 30：
sudo dnf install https://download.postgresql.org/pub/repos/yum/reporpms/F-30-x86_64/pgdg-fedora-repo-latest.noarch.rpm
Fedora 29：
sudo dnf install https://download.postgresql.org/pub/repos/yum/reporpms/F-29-x86_64/pgdg-fedora-repo-latest.noarch.rpm
当提示我们确认安装时，请按它们。
Last metadata expiration check: 0:01:25 ago on Sat 12 Oct 2019 06:52:54 AM UTC. pgdg-fedora-repo-latest.noarch.rpm 21 kB/s | 9.7 kB 00:00 Dependencies resolved. =================================================================================================================================================== Package Architecture Version Repository Size =================================================================================================================================================== Installing: pgdg-fedora-repo noarch 42.0-5 @commandline 9.7 k Transaction Summary =================================================================================================================================================== Install 1 Package Total size: 9.7 k Installed size: 9.7 k Is this ok [y/N]: y Downloading Packages: Running transaction check Transaction check succeeded. Running transaction test Transaction test succeeded. Running transaction Preparing : 1/1 Installing : pgdg-fedora-repo-42.0-5.noarch 1/1 Verifying : pgdg-fedora-repo-42.0-5.noarch 1/1 Installed: pgdg-fedora-repo-42.0-5.noarch Complete!
在Fedora 33/32/31/30上安装PostgreSQL 12
将PostgreSQL信息库添加到Fedora系统后，安装PostgreSQL 12 Server/Client软件包：
sudo dnf install postgresql12-server postgresql12
同意安装。
Last metadata expiration check: 0:01:17 ago on Sat 12 Oct 2019 07:00:29 AM UTC. Dependencies resolved. =================================================================================================================================================== Package Architecture Version Repository Size =================================================================================================================================================== Installing: postgresql12-server x86_64 12.0-1PGDG.f30 pgdg12 5.1 M Installing dependencies: postgresql12 x86_64 12.0-1PGDG.f30 pgdg12 1.5 M postgresql12-libs x86_64 12.0-1PGDG.f30 pgdg12 393 k Transaction Summary =================================================================================================================================================== Install 3 Packages Total download size: 7.0 M Installed size: 32 M Is this ok [y/N]: y
初始化数据库并启用自动启动
现在已经安装了数据库软件包，通过运行以下命令来初始化数据库
$sudo /usr/pgsql-12/bin/postgresql-12-setup initdb Initializing database ... OK
然后启动并启用服务以在启动时启动
sudo systemctl enable --now postgresql-12
确认服务状态。
$systemctl status postgresql-12
● postgresql-12.service - PostgreSQL 12 database server
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/postgresql-12.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
Active: active (running) since Sat 2019-10-12 07:08:57 UTC; 12s ago
Docs: https://www.postgresql.org/docs/12/static/
Process: 1506 ExecStartPre=/usr/pgsql-12/bin/postgresql-12-check-db-dir ${PGDATA} (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Main PID: 1511 (postmaster)
Tasks: 8 (limit: 2354)
Memory: 15.9M
CGroup: /system.slice/postgresql-12.service
├─1511 /usr/pgsql-12/bin/postmaster -D /var/lib/pgsql/12/data/
├─1512 postgres: logger
├─1514 postgres: checkpointer
├─1515 postgres: background writer
├─1516 postgres: walwriter
├─1517 postgres: autovacuum launcher
├─1518 postgres: stats collector
└─1519 postgres: logical replication launcher
Oct 12 07:08:57 fed30.novalocal systemd[1]: Starting PostgreSQL 12 database server...
Oct 12 07:08:57 fed30.novalocal postmaster[1511]: 2019-10-12 07:08:57.760 UTC [1511] LOG: starting PostgreSQL 12.0 on x86_64-pc-linux-gnu, compil>
Oct 12 07:08:57 fed30.novalocal postmaster[1511]: 2019-10-12 07:08:57.762 UTC [1511] LOG: listening on IPv6 address "::1", port 5432
Oct 12 07:08:57 fed30.novalocal postmaster[1511]: 2019-10-12 07:08:57.762 UTC [1511] LOG: listening on IPv4 address "127.0.0.1", port 5432
Oct 12 07:08:57 fed30.novalocal postmaster[1511]: 2019-10-12 07:08:57.767 UTC [1511] LOG: listening on Unix socket "/var/run/postgresql/.s.PGSQL.>
Oct 12 07:08:57 fed30.novalocal postmaster[1511]: 2019-10-12 07:08:57.774 UTC [1511] LOG: listening on Unix socket "/tmp/.s.PGSQL.5432"
Oct 12 07:08:57 fed30.novalocal postmaster[1511]: 2019-10-12 07:08:57.782 UTC [1511] LOG: redirecting log output to logging collector process
Oct 12 07:08:57 fed30.novalocal postmaster[1511]: 2019-10-12 07:08:57.782 UTC [1511] HINT: Future log output will appear in directory "log".
Oct 12 07:08:57 fed30.novalocal systemd[1]: Started PostgreSQL 12 database server.
如果我们具有正在运行的防火墙服务，并且远程客户端应连接到数据库服务器，则允许PostgreSQL服务。
sudo firewall-cmd --add-service=postgresql --permanent sudo firewall-cmd --reload
启用对PostgreSQL的远程访问(可选)
如果我们有"应用程序"通过网络连接到数据库服务器，请编辑文件" /var/lib/pgsql/12/data/postgresql.conf"，并将"侦听地址"设置为服务器IP地址，或者将" *"设置为所有接口。
$sudo vim /var/lib/pgsql/12/data/postgresql.conf listen_addresses = '*'
还要将PostgreSQL设置为接受来自允许的主机的远程连接。
$sudo vim /var/lib/pgsql/11/data/pg_hba.conf # Accept from anywhere host all all 0.0.0.0/0 md5 # Accept from trusted subnet host all all 10.10.10.0/24 md5
进行更改后，重新启动PostgreSQL 12服务。
sudo systemctl restart postgresql-12
设置PostgreSQL管理员用户密码
设置PostgreSQL管理员用户密码。
$sudo su - postgres $psql -c "alter user postgres with password 'StrongPassword'"
其中StrongPassword是postgres用户的新密码。
安装pgAdmin 4 Web管理
如果我们需要一种简单的方法来管理PostgreSQL数据库服务器(类似于MySQL的phpMyAdmin)，请考虑安装pgAdmin4.
在Fedora上安装pgAdmin 4
